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Amino Acids and the Asymmetry of Life:

Caught in the Act of Formation
Couverture
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Springer, 1 janv. 2008 - 241 pages
'How did life originate and why were left-handed molecules selected for its architecture?' This question of high public and interdisciplinary scientific interest is the central theme of this book. It is widely known that in processes triggering the origin of life on Earth, the equal occurrence, the parity between left-handed amino acids and their right-handed mirror images, was violated. The balance was inevitably tipped to the left as a result of which life's proteins today exclusively implement the left form of amino acids. Written in an engaging style, this book describes how the basic building blocks of life, the amino acids, formed. After a comprehensible introduction to stereochemistry, the author addresses the inherent property of amino acids in living organisms, namely the preference for left-handedness. What was the cause for the violation of parity of amino acids in the emergence of life on Earth? All the fascinating models proposed by physicists, chemists and biologist are vividly presented including the scientific conflicts. The author describes the attempt to verify any of those models with the chirality module of the ROSETTA mission, a probe built and launched with the mission to land on a comet and analyse whether there are chiral organic compounds that could have been brought to the Earth by cometary impacts. A truly interdisciplinary astrobiology book, 'Amino Acids and the Asymmetry of Life' will fascinate students, researchers and all readers with backgrounds in natural sciences. With a foreword by Henri B. Kagan.
  

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Table des matières

Tracing Lifes Origin From Amino Acids to Space Mission ROSETTA
1
12 The Asymmetry of Life
2
13 How Lifes Asymmetry Originated
5
132 Determinate Mechanisms
7
133 Chirogenesis in Outer Space
10
Stereochemistry for the Study of the Origin of Life
17
22 Optical Activity
24
23 Stereochemical Nomenclature
25
545 Calculated Energy Differences of Sugar Enantiomers
97
Measuring Parity NonConserving Energy Differences
99
547 Implications of Parity NonConserving Energy Differences
102
Chiral Fields Light Magnetism and Chirality
103
61 MagnetoOptical Effects
104
62 Photochirogenesis
107
622 Asymmetric Photolysis of Amino Acids
108
623 Asymmetric Photoisomerization
117

232 + and Enantiomers
26
234 d and lEnantiomorph Crystals
27
24 Optical Rotation Dispersion and Cotton Effect
28
CD Spectroscopy
31
26 Miscellaneous Techniques
34
27 Chiral Light and the Stokes Parameters
36
28 Chromatographic Resolution of Enantiomers
39
Minority Report Lifes Chiral Molecules of Opposite Handedness
47
How DAmino Acids Make Organisms Work
48
312 DAmino Acids in Peptides
49
313 Do DAmino Acids Affect Grey Matter?
50
32 The Dark Side of DAmino Acids
51
33 What Time was it? Ask the Amino Acid Clock
52
Were DLife and LLife Contemporaries?
54
342 How Polypeptides Form
55
343 Counterarguments Against the Biotic Theory
56
When Crystals Deliver Chirality to Life
61
41 Spontaneous Crystallization of Chiral Minerals
63
Which Amino Acid Enantiomer Precipitates First?
67
The Direction of Stirring
72
44 Deposits of Enantiomorphous Quartz on Earth
74
45 Adsorption of Chiral Organic Molecules on Enantiomorphous Crystals
76
When Parity Falls The Weak Nuclear Interaction
79
I Couldnt Understand It
80
52 Asymmetric Radiolysis by Polarized Electrons
84
53 The VesterUlbricht Process
86
California Dreaming?
88
533 What Are the Next VU Experiments?
90
541 The Electroweak Interaction
91
542 Characteristics of Electromagnetic and Weak Interaction
92
Energies of Enantiomers
93
544 Calculated Energy Differences of Amino Acid Enantiomers
95
624 Asymmetric Synthesis
119
625 Natural Sources of Circularly Polarized Light
120
Key to the Prebiotic Origin of Amino Acids
125
72 Amino Acid Formation Under Hydrospheric Conditions
127
732 Simulation of Interstellar Chemistry in the Lab
128
Amino Acid Structures
131
734 Illumination with Circularly Polarized Light
140
A New Record for Chiral Molecules in Meteorites
144
811 Amino Acids in Meteorites
146
812 The Untold Story of Diamino Acids in Meteorites
148
82 Diamino Acids as Gene Trigger
154
83 Survival of Organic Molecules After Impact on Earth
157
What Next?
158
The New Space Race Chiral Molecules on Comets and on Mars
161
Theory and Experimental Results
162
A Cometary Mission Full of Answers
163
913 The ChiralityModule of Mission ROSETTA
165
92 Chiroptical Techniques and the SETH Project
178
93 The Search for Chiral Molecules on Mars
179
932 Chirality and Mission ExoMars
180
Accelerating the Carousel Amplification Mechanisms
184
The Bifurcation Theory
187
102 Amplification by Kinetic Reaction Sequences
189
103 Amplification by Progressive Accumulation
194
104 Amplification by the Soai Reaction
195
105 Transfer Memory and Switching of Chiral Properties
197
106 Concluding Remarks
198
Appendix
199
Bibliography
207
Index
229
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