Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, and the EnvironmentDietrich Werner, William E. Newton Springer Science & Business Media, 24 oct. 2005 - 350 pages This book is the self-contained fourth volume of a seven-volume comprehensive series on nitrogen fixation. The outstanding aspect of this book is the integration of basic and applied work on biological nitrogen fixation in the fields of agriculture, forestry, and ecology in general. Nowadays, the concept of sustainability, which originated in agriculture and land use, is reaching many other areas of society and industry. Sustainability has a major part to play in the global challenge of continued development of regions, countries, and continents all around the World and biological nitrogen fixation has a key role in this process. This volume begins with chapters specifically addressing crops of major global importance, such as soybeans, rice, and sugar cane. It continues with a second important focus, agroforestry, and describes the use and promise of both legume trees with their rhizobial symbionts and other nitrogen-fixing trees with their actinorhizal colonization. An over-arching theme of all chapters is the interaction of the plants and trees with microbes and this theme allows other aspects of soil microbiology, such as interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the impact of soil-stress factors on biological nitrogen fixation, to be addressed. Furthermore, a link to basic science occurs through the inclusion of chapters describing the biogeochemically important nitrogen cycle and its key relationships among nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The volume then provides an up-to-date view of the production of microbial inocula, especially those for legume crops. No other available work provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this volume, which is intended to serve as an indispensable reference work for academic, government, and industrial scientists working in the applied areas of agronomy, plant breeding, plant nutrition, ecology, and forestry as well as those in the basic science areas of plant physiology, soil microbiology, and related environmental disciplines. This volume will be an invaluable tool for students entering this challenging area of research and will provide science administrators with ready access to vital relevant information. |
Table des matières
PRODUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION OF TROPICAL LEGUMES | 1 |
2 PHASEOLUS SP AND VIGNA SP BEANS | 2 |
3 ARACHIS HYPOGAEA GROUNDNUT PEANUT | 7 |
4 CICER ARIETINUM CHICKPEA | 8 |
5 CAJANUS CAJAN PIGEON PEA | 9 |
6 MUCUNA PRURIENS VELVET BEAN AND OTHER LEGUMES | 10 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 12 |
NITROGEN FIXATION BY SOYBEAN IN NORTH AMERICA | 15 |
8 THE EXPERIENCE OF THE CENTRAL AMERICA FUELWOOD PROJECT | 159 |
9 THE CASE OF ALNUS ACUMINATA IN TROPICAL HIGHLANDS | 161 |
10 OTHER USES OF ACTINORHIZAL TREES | 163 |
11 CONCLUDING CONSIDERATIONS | 164 |
REFERENCES | 165 |
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY OF N₂FIXING MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH GRAMINEOUS PLANTS HIDDEN ACTIVITIES OF UNKNOWN B... | 173 |
THE CLASSICAL APPROACH | 174 |
3 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DIAZOTROPHIC GRASS ENDOPHYTES | 176 |
2 SOYBEAN PRODUCTION IN NORTH AMERICA | 17 |
3 MAJOR SOYBEAN CROPPING SYSTEMS | 20 |
5 PERSPECTIVES | 21 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 22 |
THE IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN FIXATION TO SOYBEAN CROPPING IN SOUTH AMERICA | 25 |
3 BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION | 29 |
4 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION BNF IN SOUTH AMERICA | 32 |
5 CROP MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AMERICA | 34 |
6 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS | 38 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 39 |
PRODUCTION REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF CULTIVARS AND AGRICULTURAL ASPECTS OF SOYBEAN IN INDIA | 43 |
2 ALLINDIA AREA COVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF SOYBEAN BETWEEN 19702003 | 45 |
3 ALLINDIA STATEWISE AREA COVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF SOYBEAN | 46 |
4 REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS | 49 |
5 REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL ASPECTS OF SOYBEAN CULTIVATION | 59 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 64 |
SOYBEAN CULTIVATION AND BNF IN CHINA | 67 |
HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND CURRENT SITUATION | 68 |
3 NITROGENFIXING BACTERIA THAT NODULATE SOYBEAN | 75 |
4 THE SOYBEAN GERMPLASM COLLECTION IN CHINA | 81 |
5 SOYBEAN IN CROP ROTATION AND IN CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION | 82 |
6 CONCLUSIONS | 84 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 85 |
SOIL STRESS FACTORS INFLUENCING SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION | 89 |
3 SYMBIOTIC INTERACTION OF LEGUMES WITH RHIZOBIA | 90 |
4 NODULATION AND NITROGENFIXATION GENETICS IN THE RHIZOBIA AND BRADYRHIZOBIA | 92 |
5 RHIZOBIA IN THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT | 94 |
6 STRESS FACTORS IN THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT THAT INFLUENCE N₂ FIXATION | 95 |
7 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 101 |
REFERENCES | 102 |
NODULATED LEGUME TREES | 113 |
3 RHIZOBIA THAT NODULATE LEGUME TREES | 133 |
4 TYPES OF NODULE FORMED ON TREES | 134 |
5 MYCORRHIZAS AND OTHER NUTRIENTACQUISITION SYSTEMS | 135 |
6 MEASUREMENT OF NITROGEN FIXATION BY TREES | 136 |
REFERENCES | 139 |
NITROGENFIXING TREES WITH ACTINORHIZA IN FORESTRY AND AGROFORESTRY | 143 |
2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTINORHIZAL SYMBIOSIS | 144 |
3 HOST BOTANICAL FAMILIES | 148 |
4 NITROGEN FIXATION IN ACTINORHIZAL TREES | 149 |
5 MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS WITH ACTINORHIZAL TREES | 153 |
6 ACTINORHIZAL TREES IN AGROFORESTRY | 157 |
7 THE GENUS CASUARINA | 158 |
4 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CULTUREINDEPENDENT METHODS | 179 |
5 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF nifHTARGETED METHODS | 180 |
6 LIMITATIONS OF nifHTARGETED METHODS | 181 |
7 MANY DIAZOTROPHS DEFY CULTIVATION | 183 |
8 DIAZOTROPHIC GRASS ENDOPHYTES AS KEY ORGANISMS FOR BNF IN GRAMINEOUS PLANTS | 185 |
9 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK | 189 |
REFERENCES | 191 |
INTERACTIONS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA AND NITROGENFIXING SYMBIOSIS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE | 199 |
2 PURPOSE OF REVIEW | 200 |
3 NITROGENFIXING SYMBIOSES | 201 |
4 ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA | 202 |
5 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AM FUNGI AND RHIZOBIA TO IMPROVE LEGUME PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE | 205 |
6 CONCLUSIONS | 214 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 215 |
INOCULANT PREPARATION PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION | 223 |
2 STRAIN SELECTION | 224 |
3 INOCULANT PRODUCTION | 230 |
4 INOCULANT APPLICATION | 237 |
5 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF INOCULATION | 240 |
6 MAIN CONCLUSIONS | 245 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 246 |
NITRIFYING BACTERIA | 255 |
2 TWO PHYSIOLOGICAL GROUPS OF BACTERIA CONTRIBUTE TO NITRIFICATION | 257 |
3 ECOLOGY AND DETECTION OF NITRIFYING BACTERIA | 258 |
4 METABOLISM OF NITRIFYING BACTERIA | 260 |
REFERENCES | 270 |
THE NITROGEN CYCLE DENITRIFICATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO N₂ FIXATION | 277 |
2 THE NITROGEN CYCLE | 279 |
3 DENITRIFICATION | 281 |
4 BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY NITRATE REDUCTASES | 282 |
5 NITRITE REDUCTASES | 296 |
6 NITRIC OXIDE REDUCTASES | 301 |
7 NITROUS OXIDE REDUCTASE | 306 |
8 LINKAGE OF THE DENITRIFICATION GENE CLUSTERS | 307 |
9 BIOENERGETICS OF DENITRIFICATION | 310 |
10 REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION OF DENITRIFICATION GENES | 312 |
11 REGULATION OF DENITRIFICATION BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS | 320 |
12 DIVERSITY OF DENITRIFICATION | 321 |
13 YEAST AND FUNGAL DENITRIFICATION | 325 |
14 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 327 |
343 | |
Autres éditions - Tout afficher
Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, and the Environment Dietrich Werner,William E. Newton Aucun aperçu disponible - 2009 |
Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, and the Environment Dietrich Werner,William E. Newton Aucun aperçu disponible - 2010 |