Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?Institute for International Economics, 1990 - 445 pages This volume examines the record of Latin American adjustment efforts and assesses the challenges that lie ahead. It examines the Washington consensus on how ten major policy instruments - including fiscal deficits, tax reform, exchange rates, and deregulation - should be used to address Latin America's current problems. Ten country studies and accompanying commentaries assess public attitudes in each country toward these reforms, the progress made since 1982 in implementing them, and the impact of policy changes on economic performance. |
Table des matières
What Washington Means by Policy Reform John Williamson | 7 |
Bolivia Juan L Cariaga | 41 |
Chile Patricio Meller | 54 |
Droits d'auteur | |
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20 percent achieved adjustment program Argentina average balance of payments billion Bolivia Brazil Brazilian capital flight central bank chapter Chile Chilean Colombia commercial banks competitive controls Costa Rica costs debt crisis debt service debt-equity swaps debtor decline deregulation dollar Dornbusch El Salvador elimination enterprises exchange rate policy expenditures exports external debt financial sector fiscal deficit foreign direct investment foreign exchange foreign investment growth Guatemala Honduras hyperinflation implemented increase inflation inflationary institutions interest payments issue Jamaica Latin America loans macroeconomic major measures Mexico monetary nominal official overvalued percent of GDP percentages Peru peso policy reform political private sector problem production public sector real exchange rate real interest rates reduced regime result Salvador social Source spending stabilization program subsidies Table tariff tax reform tax revenues trade liberalization tradeables value-added tax Venezuela wage Washington consensus Williamson World Bank