Politics in the Middle EastOxford University Press, 1992 - 366 pages Events in the Middle East have prompted many questions concerning the conflict between Islam and the European states which have, historically, been seen as a military and political challenge. Why has ideological politics triumphed in the Middle East? Why have attempts to form constitutional governments repeatedly failed in Islamic states? This new and authoritative account provides the historical analysis necessary for a clearer understanding of these questions. In the nineteenth century Middle Eastern leaders believed that they could surmount the challenge posed by the European Great Powers' by borrowing European weapons and technology, along with military and administrative organization, and, later, by adopting representative forms of government. These strategies proved a disappointment. The aftermath has been the establishment of military regimes, and an ideological style of politics, whether the ideology is nationalism or fundamentalism. This book describes and discusses the apparent success of ideological politics, and analyses its character. |
Table des matières
Threat and Predicament | 22 |
I | 49 |
The Failure of Constitutionalism? | 93 |
Droits d'auteur | |
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Abd al-Hamid action administration Afghani Alawites Allenby appointed Arab nationalism armed army Article authority Ba'thist Baghdad became believed British caliphate century Constitution Council coup d'état Damascus declared Democrats deputies despotism divines Druse Egypt Egyptian elections established European favour Faysal forces French Fuad Grand National Assembly Husayn Imam Iran Iraq Iraqi Islam Istanbul Khomeini Kurdish Kurds large numbers leaders Lebanese Lebanon Mandate Maronite ment Middle East Middle Eastern military coup d'état Milner modern Mosaddeq Muhammad Muslim Mustafa Kemal Nasser nationalist negotiations officers organized Ottoman dynasty Ottoman Empire Parliament Pasha People's Party Persia political population President Prime Minister provinces reform regime religion religious representative Republic Republican Republican People's Party Rescript resigned Reza rule ruler Shah Shah's Shiite social society successor Sultan Sunni Syria tanzimat tion took traditional treaty troops Turkey Turkish Wafd Western Young Ottomans Young Turk Zaghlul