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nazione ora fiacca, ora violenta, ingiusta sempre, tolse ogni cosa, e avrebbe rapito anche il libero ingegno e l'onore agli uomini, se orma di Dio si potesse cancellare. Ma omai gli avvenimenti si succedono con una rapidità ignota ed impossibile in altri tempi, ed al loro confronto le previsioni più sollecite divengono tarde. È trascorso poco più di un mese dacchè voi faceste pervenire al Re il grido del vostro dolore, e già foste non solo liberati ma rallegrati dalla vista del Liberatore. . . . Più fortunati di voi, altre Provincie sorelle vi precedettero nell'opera della Unificazione Italiana. Modena, Parma e le Romagne, e la Toscana eziandio, che pure aveva una signoria meno dura della vostra e tradizioni di autonomia di non picciolo conto, statuirono già da tempo come signore di sè; ed oggi stesso i Popoli dell'Italia Meridionale si raccolgono nei Comizi a stabilire non tanto il proprio quanto il destino dell'Italia. Or bene: io rompo gli indugi e vi chiamo a decidere.

Ma voi direte che la vostra intenzione è già manifesta.

Sì, è vero: voi avete già votato cogli sforzi tante volte ripetuti per torvi di dosso la mala signoria; avete votato cogli esilii, colle prigioni, colle torture d'ogni specie che avete sofferte, e coi patiboli che non avete temuti, col sangue dei vostri volontari, con gli applausi onde accoglieste il Re e l'Esercito ma più di tutto coll'ordine mirabile che serbate in questo reggimento provvisorio, nel quale il solo

from which a power now weak, now violent, and always unjust, took away everything and would have stolen even the free spirit and honor of men, if it were possible to destroy God's work. But now events are following each other with a rapidity unknown and impossible in other times, and in their presence the quickest provisions become slow. Little more than a month has transpired since you made known to the King your cry of sorrow, and already you are not only freed but have rejoiced in the sight of your Liberator. . . . More fortunate than you, other sister provinces preceded you in the work of Italian unification - Modena, Parma, and Romagna, and Tuscany likewise, which had a government less harsh than yours and traditions of autonomy of no small account, decided sometime ago as their own masters; and the people of Central Italy are gathering to-day in assembly to establish not so much their own destiny as that of Italy. Now then, I end all delays and call on you to decide. But you will say that your intention is already manifested. Yes, it is true, you have already shown your wishes, by efforts often repeated, to get rid of evil government; you have shown your wish by exile, imprisonment, torture, by every kind of suffering, not even fearing the gallows; by the blood of your volunteers, by the applause with which you received the King and the Army; but more than all, by the wonderful order which you keep in this

nome del Re fa l'autorità e la forza.

La vostra libertà è piena, e delitto o vendetta o intemperanza di parte non la contamina.

Tutto questo è vero. Ma, dopo aver ottenuto dalle Potenze che riconoscono ai Popoli il diritto di far la legge a sè stessi, egli è giusto che il Popolo lo eserciti anche coi modi solenni della votazione, e ch'egli usi di quelle forme che sono la guarentigia della libertà del voto. Alle Nazioni amiche la volontà degli Italiani deve mostrarsi aperta e indubitabile; alle Potenze ostili deve togliersi ogni pretesto o possibilità di dubbiezza.

I

Soffrite perciò che vi rammenti essere obbligo d'ogni buon cittadino il votare. Ma il voto è libero, pienamente libero; nè chi parla e regge in nome di VITTORIO EMANUELE II potrebbe mai tollerare una pressione fisica o morale che lo menomasse. termini del paragone sono ormai evidenti. O esser parte di una grande Nazione o Provincia di un piccolo Stato. O commilitoni di VITTORIO EMANUELE II Colle glorie di Palestro e di San Martino, o soldati di Lamoricière e suoi pari coi loro nomi di scherno. O eguali avanti alle leggi che i vostri Deputati concorreranno a formare, e quindi reggitori di voi medesimi, o servi all'arbitrio d'una classe privilegiata. Dipende da voi appartenere ad uno Stato civile che vi dia la giustizia, la sicurezza, l'istruzione; avere industrie e commerci; o

Provisional Government, to which only the name of the King gives authority and force.

Your liberty is complete and no crime nor revenge nor intemperance of parties contaminate it.

All this is true, but after having obtained from the Powers the recognition that in the peoples themselves lies the right to make their own laws, it is right that the people exercise it in a serious manner by voting, and that they use those forms which are the guarantee of a free vote. To friendly nations the will of the Italians must show itself to be open and undoubted; from hostile Powers it must take away any pretext or possibility of doubt.

vote.

Permit me to remind you then that it is the duty of every good citizen to But the vote is free, absolutely free; nor can he who speaks and rules in the name of VICTOR EMANUEL II ever tolerate a physical or moral pressure that would lessen this. The terms of the choice are now clear. Either to be part of a great nation or provinces of a small state. Either fellow soldiers of VICTOR EMANUEL II with the glories of Palestro and of San Martino, or soldiers of Lamoricière and his like with their terms of scorn. Either equal before all laws which your deputies worked together to form, and so rulers of yourselves, or slaves to the whims of a privileged class. It depends upon you whether you belong to a civilized State which gives you justice, safety and instruction, industries and commerce, or

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Convocation of the Popular Assemblies of the Provinces of Umbria. 1 October 21, 1860 1

IL REGIO COMMISSARIO GEN- THE ROYAL COMMISSIONER ERALE STRAORDINARIO

PER LE PROVINCIE

DELL'UMBRIA.

In virtù dei pieni poteri conferitigli da Sua Maestà il Re VITTORIO EMANUELE II;

Considerando che questi popolazioni insistono con pubbliche solenni dimostrazioni per essere chiamate a deliberare sulle proprie sorti;

Considerando ch'è urgente procurare ad esse uno stabile e legale assetto;

Considerando che la Patria domanda che i cittadini di queste Provincie col libero loro voto mostrino all'Europa se intendano consacrare le aspirazioni di Unità Monarchica Costituzionale sotto lo scettro di VITTORIO EMANUELE II, la di cui lealtà e coraggio hanno disciplinata la revoluzione e ristaurato in Italia l'ordine morale;

DECRETA:

ART. 1. Il Popolo di queste Provincie è solennemente convocato nei 1 Le Assemblee, vol. 1, p. 779.

GENERAL

EXTRAORDINARY IN THE PROV

INCES OF UM-
BRIA.

By virtue of the full power conferred upon him by His Majesty King VICTOR EMANUEL II;

Considering that these people by solemn public demonstrations insist upon being called to deliberate on their own fate;

Considering that it is urgent to procure for this a stable and legal basis;

Considering that the country demands that the citizens of these provinces shall, by their free vote, show to Europe whether or not they mean to turn their aspirations to a United Constitutional Monarchy, under the sceptre of VICTOR EMANUEL II, whose loyalty and courage have held the revolution within bounds and restored moral order in Italy;

DECREES:

ARTICLE 1. The people of these provinces are solemnly called in popu

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lar assemblies on the 4th and 5th days of November, 1860, to declare their wishes on the following proposal: "Do you wish to form a part of the Constitutional Monarchy of King VICTOR EMANUEL?"

ART. 2. All the citizens who have completed their twenty-first year and who enjoy civil rights are called upon

to vote.

ART. 3. The Syndics or Heads of the Commune before November 4th shall enter in the lists already existing of communal electors the names of those citizens who have not been included, or who have been domiciled for six months in the Commune, or who are there because of employment.

ART. 15. That on the 7th day of November the Tribunal of the First Instance sitting in Perugia, having received from the Royal Commissioners of these provinces the formal minutes containing the results of the partial vote shall make the general count of votes at a public meeting, and shall transmit them to the Royal Commissioner.

ART. 16. That the rules and regulations for guaranteeing an orderly and free vote which govern the electoral meetings of the communal and provincial Councils, are applicable to the present meetings.

Given in Perugia at the Governor's Palace, this 21st day of October, 1860. G. N. PEPOLI, A. VIVIANI.

1 The omitted articles providing for the method of voting are identical with those decreed for the Marches, see ante, p. 657.

Formal Minute of the Result of the Plebiscite in the Provinces of the Marches. November 9, 1860 1

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1

IN THE NAME OF GOD

In the great hall of the Municipal Palace there is gathered in public assembly the Court of Justice of the Provinces of the Marches, specially constituted in accordance with Article II of the Decree which was given out on the second of October last by the Royal Commissioner General Extraordinary in the Provinces aforesaid, and composed of their Excellencies the following gentlemen:

Advocate DOMENICO PANTALEONI, President of the Tribunal of Appeal of Macerata.

Advocate FILIPPO BONACCI, President of the Tribunal of Ancona.

Advocate ANDREA CATTABENI, President of the Tribunal of Pesaro. Advocate FEDERICO MONTI, Acting President of the Tribunal of Fermo.

Advocate LUIGI ALIPPI, Acting President of the Tribunal of Urbino.

Advocate LORENZO LIVERANI, President of the Tribunal of Mace

rata.

Advocate FILIPPO MARSILI, Acting President of the Tribunal of Ascoli. Advocate PAOLO BALESTRA, President of the Tribunal of Camerino.

There were present also the Honorable Doctor Angelo Mazzaloni, Fiscal Attorney for the Tribunal of Ancona, representing the State, and I, Clemente Marinelli, Secretary of the Municipality of Ancona, specially

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