and that the final fate of the Conference would become known at the next sitting, which he fixed for the following afternoon.

Protocol No. 7. August 6.

Telegrams were read showing that the incident mentioned on the previous occasion was due to a misunderstanding on the part of the Bulgarian officer, and it was declared to have been disposed of.

An agreement between Serbia and Bulgaria as to their common frontier was announced. There still remained the agreement between Bulgaria and Greece, which had yet to be reached.

The sitting was suspended for an hour.

When it was renewed, the president announced that peace might be considered certain. He considered that agreement had been arrived at between the plenipotentiaries of Bulgaria and Greece.

A detailed declaration by the Montenegrin delegation was read, and attached to the protocol of this sitting.

Protocol No. 8. August 7.

It was announced that an agreement had been arrived at between Bulgaria and Greece, the terms of which would be stated in a procès-verbal annexed to the protocol of the sitting.

The president advised that information should at once be given to the armies that an armistice without limit of time had been decided on by the plenipotentiaries. It would be for the military delegates to come to an understanding on the clauses and details of the armistice and report to the next sitting.

He then stated that, having happily arrived at the end of its labours, the Conference should turn its attention to the drafting of the treaty of peace, and proposed that each delegation should appoint a member of the drafting committee. The following were designated: for

Bulgaria: M. S. Radeff;

Greece: M. N. Politis;

Serbia: M. M. Spalaïkovitch;

Montenegro: M. Matanovitch;

Rumania: MM. Pisoski and J. C. Filitti, and General Coanda was added as a military delegate.

Protocol No. 9. August 7.

A procès-verbal in two parts, describing the frontier between Greece and Bulgaria, was read, and another, also in two parts, describing the new frontier between Serbia and Bulgaria. Then a procès-verbal agreeing to an unlimited armistice was also read. These five documents were annexed to the protocol of the sitting.

Protocol No. 10. August 8.

The president stated that the Austro-Hungarian and Russian Governments had given notice that they reserved to themselves the right of revising whatever decision might be taken by the Conference with respect to Cavalla.

The draft treaty was partly read and discussed.

Protocol No. II. August 9.

The remaining articles were discussed and agreed to.

Protocol No. 12. August 10.

The final text of the treaty was read over and accepted unanimously.

The president proposed that it should be signed by both civil and military delegates, but that the seals of the First Delegates alone should be affixed.

The five copies of the treaty were then signed.

The First Greek delegate made a speech thanking M. Maïoresco for the great impartiality and perfect tact with which he had presided over the delicate labours of this illustrious Assembly, and paying him other compliments, to which he made a suitable reply,

M. Spalaïkovitch proposed that at the conclusion of the Te Deum, the plenipotentiaries should proceed in a body to the Royal Palace to write their names in the King's visitors' book.

Lastly, M. Maïoresco drew attention to the fact that the Conference had held its first meeting July 17/30, and that on this date, July 28/August 10, its lofty mission of bringing peace to the peoples whom they represented had been accomplished. Evidently such a result could not have been obtained but for the assiduous zeal and high competence of the members. It was his duty to express their particular thanks to the delegates who had accepted special functions, especially their military colleagues and the draftsmen of the treaty. Lastly, he thanked the secretariat for the indefatigable industry with which it had acquitted itself of its difficult task, and not forgetting, either, the officials who had facilitated the formalities required by the work of the Conference.1

1 Nouveau Recueil Général, t. viii. 19.

CHAPTER XXVII

TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL COMPACTS

TREATY, CONVENTION, ADDITIONAL ARTICLES, ACTE

FINAL

§ 498. General observations-§ 499. Treaties and conventions, what are§ 500. Principal parts of a treaty-§ 501. Language of treaties-§ 502. Usually expressed as concluded between sovereigns-§ 503. Marriage Treaties: (1) For the marriage of the Duke of Connaught and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia-§ 504. (2) For the marriage of the Duke of Albany with the Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont-§ 505. (3) For the marriage of Princess Marie of Great Britain and Ireland with Prince Ferdinand of Rumania -506. Treaties of peace: § 507. Russia and Turkey, preliminaries § 508. Treaty of Berlin, 1878-§ 509. Russia and Turkey, 1879-§ 510. Turkey and Greece, preliminaries, 1897-511. Turkey and Greece, definitive treaty-§ 512. United States and Spain-§ 513. Treaty of London, 1913§ 514. Peace of Bucarest, 1913; Treaties of Alliance: $515. Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1879-§ 516. Bulgaria and Servia-§ 517. Bulgaria and Greece; Treaty of Annexation: §518. Japan and Corea; Boundary Treaty: § 519. Great Britain and United States-§ 520. France and the Netherlands, 1820-§ 521. Slave Trade, Suppression of: § 522. Extradition, United States and Paraguay; Commerce and Navigation: § 523. Great Britain and Bolivia-§ 524. Belgium and Norway; Arbitration: § 525. Various treaties -8526. Great Britain and United States-§ 527. Repatriation. CONVENTIONS: § 528. General observations-§ 529. French Protectorate in Morocco. ADDITIONAL ARTICLES: § 530. To treaty of commerce —§ 531. To Fishery Convention.

ACTE FINAL: § 532. Description-§ 533. Acte Final de la Conférence de la Haye, 1899-534. Acte Général de la Conférence de Berlin.

§ 498. INTERNATIONAL compacts or engagements embrace a great diversity of subjects and are placed on record in a variety of shapes. Consequently they may be classed according to either matter or form.

The principal forms they assume may be enumerated as follows

I. Treaty.

2. Convention.

3. Additional Articles.

4. Acte Final.

5. Declaration.

6. Agreement.
7. Arrangement.
8. Protocol.

9. Procès-verbal.

10. Exchange of Notes.
II. Réversale.

12. Compromis d'Arbitrage.

13. Modus Vivendi.

14. Ratification.

15. Adhesion and Accession.

Which of these forms shall be adopted in a particular case is partly a matter of convenience and is partly determined by usage. Thus, the treaty form is nearly always employed for preliminaries of peace, and always for the final result of peace negotiations, for marriages between exalted personages, i. e. members of Imperial or Royal families. Agreements respecting commerce and navigation, for the extradition of criminals, for the delimitation of boundaries, for arbitration, are found in the shape of treaties or of conventions, indifferently. Generally speaking, it may be said that the more important the subject matter, the more likely is it that it will be embodied in a treaty or a convention, and that the relative importance decreases as we go down the list. Lettres réversales appear to be confined to questions of etiquette between crowned heads, and reversales are employed for the rectification of an error in etiquette or in drafting.1 But see below, §§ 591, 592.

1 De Castro y Cașaleiz, i. 379.