we find their most remarkable difference of character is, that Eurus and Notus are more mild and gentle, Zephyrus and Boreas more stormy and boisterous. The two first are introduced less frequently than the last; for, as allusions of this kind generally serve to illustrate animated pictures, the characters of Zephyrus and Boreas best suit the Poet's purpose upon such occasions. Accordingly we find them employed oftener in the Iliad than in the Odyssey. Eurus is never distinguished by an epithet: and Notus only by that of swift. They are never represented as persons, except in one instance; they are described by qualities, the reverse of those of their antagonist winds; for Eurus is employed in melting the snow, which Zephyrus brings down; and Notus covers the mountain-tops with clouds which it is the business of Boreas to dispel. Zephyrus is called hard blowing, rapid, the swiftest of all the winds, noisy, whistling or rattling, moist, and is represented as bringing rain or snow. I find two passages in the Odyssey, which seem to give an idea of Zephyrus, different from this general character, and more like the Zephyr of modern poetry. One is in the Poet's description of the Elysian plain, "where neither winter's 46 snow nor rain are seen, but a "continual refreshing Zephyr "blows from the ocean;" the other is the description of Alcinous's gardens, where the rich vegetation is ascribed to a constant Zephyr. When we recollect (what I have above attempted to prove) that the Zephyr of Homer's country, upon which he must have formed his familiar ideas of that wind, blew from the mountains of Thrace; and that the two instances which I have given, are the only ones in which he describes the qualities of that wind in a distant western climate, instead of contradiction and inconsistence, we discover an extensive knowledge of nature. For, while he is accurate in his accounts of the known appearances of his own country, he accommodates his description to what he had either heard or seen in distant parts. To have used the gentle Zephyr, in a simile addressed to Ionian readers, or to have given the character of severity to that of western climates, would have been equally incorrect. Both Zephyrus and Boreas make their appearance as persons; they are equally concerned in kindling the funeral pile of Patroclus, at the prayer of Achilles. Xanthus and Balius, the immortal horses of that hero, are the offspring of Podarge and Zephyrus; a pedigree worthy of Homer's imagination, but, perhaps, like, many of his fictions, engrafted upon some tradition, which had popular prejudice on it's side. For a strange notion prevailed, that upon the coast of the Atlantic ocean mares were impregnated by the west wind; and however ridi culous this opinion may appear, it has been seriously supported by grave and respectable writers of a more enlightened age. As to the amours of Zephyrus and Flora, they are the It is extraordinary that Hesiod should omit Eurus, Theog. v. 379, 869. See Strabo, 1. 1. p. 28, where the ancient writers upon winds are mentioned, Trasyalcis, Aristotle, Timosthenes, Bion. natural natural mythology of later poets and of a more western climate, and unknown to Ionia and Homer. Boreas is rapid and violent, but serene and drying; dispels clouds, brings hoar-frost and snow, is clear, pure, wholesome, and reviving. This account of Boreas coincides -much more with that of modern poetry, and is in general more agreeable to the experience and observation of western climates, than that of Eurus and Zephyrus. It has probably been owing to Homer's example, that succeeding poets and artists, though in other respects departing from his description of those subjects, often represent Boreas and Zephyrus as persons. Their air and figure are familiar to us in the machinery of modern poetry, as well as in the works of painters and sculptors, who give the character of harsh and aged severity to one, and that of youthful beauty and gentleness to the other; while Eurus and Notus, especially the latter, appear so seldom in a human shape, and are so imperfectly described, that we have no determinate idea of their dress or persons. We find the figures of the four principal with the four intermediate winds, in alto relievo, bigger than life, on the octagon tower of Andronicus Cyrrhestes at Athens. As this is the only monument of antiquity, that I have seen, where they are so well executed and so well preserved, I examined them with a view to those conformities between the poet and the sculptor, by which we sometimes trace the borrowed idea to its original source, but with little success. Whether it was that the artist was confined to certain ideas by the intended use of this tower, which was particularly adapted to the meridian of Attica; or that his invention was inferior to his execution, I shall not ven ture to judge; but there is a sameness of attitude, drapery, and character, in those winds, that would make it very difficult to distinguish their names, were they not inscribed over each figure. I cannot finish this article with out comparing Homer and Virgi! as navigators, in order to shew the superior accuracy of the former with regard to those minute cir cumstances of nature and truth. The winds which Homer employs in his poem, are ad pted to the ship's sailing, to which Virgil does not pay the same attention. I shall confine myself to one instance. The description of the departure of Eneas from Carthage is not only inconsistent with truth and possibi lity, in this respect, but contradictory to itself. He sails in the morning with a west wind, which is very improperly called favourable; but before he is out of sight of Carthage, we find him pursuing his course with a north wind, which is still more contrary to his intended course; when, in the evening, he has gotten clear of the land, the wind changes to the west with every prog nostic of a stormy night; Palinurus, in this situation, orders his men to reef their sails and ply their oars; hut, finding it vain to struggle with this west wind, which was before called favourable, he consults the stars in a very dark night, and concluding that he is not far from the coast of Sicily, steers for that island." Travels Travels in Asia Minor: or, an Account of a Tour made at the Expence of the Society of Diletanti. By Richard Chandler, D. D. Fellow of Magdalen College, and of the Society of Antiquaries, 1 Vol. 4to. HE author dedicates his work altogether agree with him in the praise they deserve. He will forgive as, that for a moment we defer the praise that is due to his ingenious abours, while we do justice to the liberal and enlightened principles of his patrons, who engaged him in this work. The Society of Diletanti, in a manner, exculpate our times from the imputation of sordid and selfish enjoyments: they do credit to their rank and fortune, when their patronage and liberality are employed in a noble attention to arts and letters. Dr. Chandler has executed his work with care and diligence; and it was a work not to be executed by any man, who was not furnished with a fund of knowledge and learning. We will not presume to pass a judgment either of dissent, or agreement, on the justness of many conjectures of Dr. Chandier; it was part of his duty to suggest his opinions; and so far from censuring his so doing, we rather regret that he has not even been more liberal in his conjectures, as the very offer of an opinion, tends to the investigation of truth, tho' it may not immediately hit upon it, as it creates that discussion and examination, without which the justness of no proposition can be ascertained. Whether the opinion of the Barrows, supposed to be those of Achilles, and other class sical heroes, is well founded or not, we must suspend our judgment, till Dr. Chandler favours the world with other essays; but we regret that they could not be made part of this present work, The utility of travels, on the principle these were made, is too present manners which prevail in that country, so long the seat of science, arts, commerce, and refinement, and the contrast of its present state with its ancient his. tory, is a subject which gives a peculiar and touching interest to all relations of travels into the dominions of the Grand Seignior. The author makes us feel this impression, in a very lively and sensible manner, in many parts of his work. It were to be wished that the cuts of the several ruins had accompanied the narrative of the travels. As they were the great object of the journey, it seems in a manner, defective, as it is certainly less entertaining without them. Our extract shall begin from his sight of mount Ida, comprehending the description of the Turks. "The next morning we had passed Psyra, corruptly called Ipsera; Scio was on our right hand; Lesbos or Mitylene on our left; and the mouth of the gulph of Smyrna not very remote before us. The plague, as we were informed at Leghorn, having appeared at this place in the spring, our captain was unwilling to arrive there before it should have ceased, and now resolved to proceed directly to Constantinople. The gale was fair, and the opportunity too favourable to be neglected, it being common in summer to meet with a contrary contrary wind, and to be detained on the sea or forced to anchor off Tenedos. We were opposite cape Baba or Lectos, a promontory of mount Ida, in the evening; and had in view Tenedos and Lemnos and the main land both of Europe and Asia. We could discern fires on Lesbos, as before on several islands and capes, made chiefly by fishermen and shepherds, who live much abroad in the air; or to burn the strong stalks of the Turkey wheat and the dry herbage on the mountains. In the day-time a column of smoke often ascends, visible afar. Saturday, August the 25th, the sun rising beautifully behind mount Ida disclosed its numerous tops, and brightened the surface of the sea. We were now entering the Hellespont, with the Troad on our right hand, and on the left the Cherronese or peninsula of Thrace. About six in the morning we were within Sigeum and the opposite promontory Mastusia. They are divided by a very narrow strait. We then passed between the two castles erected by Mahomet the Fourth in 1659. That on the European side stands high, the other low and by each is a town. These structures, with the houses, the graceful minarets and cypresses, the mountains, and islands, and shining water, formed a view ex.ceedingly delicious. The cocks crowed ashore, and were answered by those in our coops on board, the waves broke on the Asiatic beach with an amusing murmur, and the soft air wafted fragrance. : as we We now saw a level and extensive plain, the scene, conceived, of the battles of the Iliad, with barrows of heroes, and the river Scamander, which had a bank or bar of sand at the mouth. The stream was then inconsiderable, but, we were told, is in winter frequently swollen to a great size, and discolours the sea far without the promontories. The shore of the Cherronese, as we advanced, was steep, of a dry barren aspect, and contrasted by the Asiatic coast, which rises gently, mount Ida terminating the view. The width of the Hellespont, the smoothness of the water, and the rippling of the current, reminded us of the Thames. Xerxes but slightly degraded it, hen he stiled it a salt river. We now approached the inner castles, which were erected by Mahomet the second, and command a very narrow strait, dividing the two continents. By each is a town; and at that in Asia was hoisted a white flag near the seaside, and also a red one with the cross. These belonged to the English and French nations. As we had agreed to land here, the captain, when we were abreast with the Asiatic castle, brought the ship too, and made a signal for a scheick or wherry to come along side. Our baggage was lowered into it with great expedition, and we quitted the ship, which fired three guns, and sailed away. After leaving the Anglicana, we had scarcely time to contemplate the savage figures of our boa!men, who had their necks and arms bare, and their faces yellow from the sun, before we reached land. The current carried us below the castle, where we saw on the shore two Turkish women. But what figures! each wrapped in white sheet, shapeless, and stalk a ing We were received on the shore by the English consul; fat, welllooking Jew, who, after bidding us welcome in broken Italian or Lingua Franca, conducted us through the town to his house, in the quarter assigned to that nation. We ascended some stairs into a room, which had a raised floor covered with a carpet. Round three sides was a low sopha with cushions for leaning. The cooling breeze entered at the wooden lattices of the windows. Their law not permitting the Jews to touch fire on their sabbath, our host was in distress about our entertainment. However we were soon presented with the customary refreshments, a pipe of lighted tobacco; a spoonful of sweet-meat put into our mouths; and coffee in a china cup, which was placed in one of filigree-work, to prevent it from burning our fingers. The consul then introduced to us a young man his brother, and his wife and daughter; the latter a girl in a long white vest, with a zone about her middle, her feet naked, her nails dyed red, her hair platted and hanging down her back. She came to us, and taking the right hand of each separately, kissed and gently moved it to her forehead. We found some difficulty in complying with the oriental mode of sitting cross-legged, but a dinner it was nece ary, the table being only a large low salver, placed on the carpet. A variety of dishes were served up in quick succession, and we were supplielas rapidly with cups of wine. We had no plates, or knives and forks, but used our fingers. The whole repast and the apparatus was an tique. It concluded with fruits of wholesome quality and exquisite flavour, figs and melons such as are peculiar to hot climates, and grapes in large and rich clusters fresh from the vineyard. The con sul ate with us, while his brother waited, with another Jew. When we had finished, we washed, one of our attendants bringing an ower, a bason and a towel, and pouring water on our hands. We then received each a cup of coffee, and our host, who was much fatigued with his sultry walk to the beach and afterwards to the gover nor to inform him of our arrival, retired with the whole family to sleep, as is the universal practice toward noon, when the heat becomes exceedingly intense. In the evening we went with the consul to view the town. We found the houses numerous, mostly of wood and mean, and the street very narrow. We saw the manu factory of earthen ware, which is considerable; and we supposed the fashion had never altered, the jars and vessels in general retaining the old shapes, and seeming forme ed by ancient models. The situa tion of the place is low and subject to epidemical disorders. Besides these, the plague, which commonly visits the inhabitants every year, is remarkably |