Nutrition and Feeding of FishSpringer Science & Business Media, 30 nov. 1998 - 267 pages Aquaculture is now recognized as a viable and profitable enterprise worldwide. As aquaculture technology has evolved, the push toward higher yields and faster growth has involved the enhancement or replacement of natural foods with prepared diets. In many aquaculture operations today, feed accounts for more than one-half the variable operating cost. Therefore, knowledge of nutrition and practical feeding of fish is essential to successful aquaculture. This book is not written exclusively for scientists but also for students, practicing nutritionists, and aquaculturists. It covers the known nutrient requirements and deficiency effects for different fishes, and digestion and metabolism of nutrients and energy. It discusses nutrient sources and preparation of practical and research feeds. It gives directions for conducting fish nutrition and feeding experiments. Feeding practices for salmonids, channel catfish, tilapias, shrimps and hybrid striped bass are presented. Since the first edition of this book was printed, the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences has revised the nutrient requirements for fish. These revisions are in the present edition. Other additions to this revised edition are chapters on nutrition and fish health, and bioavailability of nutrients. Each original chapter has been meticulously revised and updated with new information. Aquaculture is a dynamic area and new technologies are being introduced continuously; therefore, some of the material discussed in this revised edition may become obsolete quickly. Nonetheless, the material presented has been thoughtfully selected and updated to make it of maximum use to persons whose interests range from general aquaculture to animal nutrition to feed manufacture. |
Table des matières
THE CONCEPT OF FEEDING FISH | 1 |
LEVELS OF AQUACULTURE | 2 |
COMPARISON OF FEEDING FISH AND LAND ANIMALS | 5 |
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FISH AS A HUMAN FOOD | 9 |
DIETARY REQUIREMENTS | 13 |
PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS | 23 |
VITAMINS | 30 |
ESSENTIAL LIPIDS | 58 |
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES | 145 |
QUALITY ASSURANCE | 147 |
FEED TYPES | 149 |
FEEDING CHANNEL CATFISH | 153 |
FEEDING PRACTICES | 155 |
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS | 164 |
NATURAL FOOD | 171 |
EFFECT OF FEEDS ON SENSORY QUALITY OF PROCESSED CATFISH | 172 |
MINERALS | 61 |
DIGESTION AND METABOLISM | 71 |
MEASURING NUTRIENT BIOAVAILABILITY BY DIGESTION TRIALS | 76 |
NET RETENTION OF MINERALS | 78 |
BIOAVAILABILITY BY GROWTH TRIALS | 81 |
RATE OF METABOLISM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN FISH | 89 |
NONNUTRIENT DIET COMPONENTS | 95 |
FIBER | 102 |
DIET ADDITIVES | 103 |
ACCIDENTAL CONTAMINANTS | 106 |
BIOAVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS | 109 |
DETERMINING BIOAVAILABILITY | 110 |
BIOAVAILABILITY OF MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS | 112 |
NUTRITION AND FISH HEALTH | 115 |
VITAMINS | 116 |
MINERALS | 117 |
MYCOTOXINS | 118 |
MEGADOSES OF NUTRIENTS AND DISEASE RESISTANCE | 120 |
FISH NUTRITION AND FEEDING EXPERIMENTS | 123 |
PRACTICAL ENVIRONMENT STUDIES | 130 |
FEED FORMULATION AND PROCESSING | 135 |
NONNUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS | 136 |
FEED FORMULATION | 142 |
COMPENSATORY GROWTH | 173 |
FEEDING SALMON AND TROUT | 175 |
GENERAL CULTURE METHODS | 179 |
FEED FORMULATION | 186 |
FEEDING PRACTICES | 192 |
FEEDING HYBRID STRIPED BASS | 199 |
GENERAL CULTURE METHODS | 200 |
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS | 204 |
PRACTICAL DIET FORMULATION | 209 |
FEEDING PRACTICES | 210 |
EFFECTS OF DIET ON SENSORY QUALITIES OF PROCESSED FISH | 211 |
FEEDING TILAPIAS | 215 |
CULTURE PRACTICES | 216 |
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS | 219 |
FEEDS AND FEEDING | 222 |
FEEDING PENAEID SHRIMP | 227 |
CULTURE PRACTICES | 228 |
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS | 232 |
FEEDS AND FEEDING | 240 |
COMPOSITION OF FEED INGREDIENTS | 249 |
COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF SPECIES | 263 |
265 | |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
absorption amount animals Aquac Aquaculture aquatic arginine ascorbic acid bioavailability biotin body calcium carbohydrates catfish feeds channel catfish channel catfish fed choline commercial common carp compounds concentration consumed corn cottonseed meal culture deficiency signs dietary protein dietary requirement diets containing digestible energy Edwardsiella Edwardsiella ictaluri enzymes essential amino acids excreted extruded farming fed diets feed ingredients feedstuffs Figure finfish fingerlings fish feeds fish meal fish oil fish species folic acid gill glucose grain growth rate hatchery hybrid striped bass increased infection intestine juvenile larvae lipid liver lysine menhaden metabolism methionine mg kg-1 minerals muscle natural food Niacin nutrient requirements nutritional optimum oxidation pellet Penaeus phosphate phosphorus ponds practical feeds production protein R. T. LOVELL rainbow trout ratio reduced response salmon and trout salmonids selenium shrimp soluble sources soybean meal supplementation synthesis Table Thiamin tissue vannamei vitamin vitamin B12 vitamin E water temperature weight gain zinc
Fréquemment cités
Page 197 - JR (1985) Influence of dietary calcium, phosphorus, zinc and sodium phytate level on cataract incidence, growth and histopathology in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
Page 225 - Jackson, AJ, BS Capper and AJ. Matty, 1982. Evaluation of some plant proteins in complete diets for the tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus). Aquaculture, 27:97-109.