ao the interior provinces; whence it was to return to Mexico, which was the point of re-union. "This precious prefervative against the ravages of the small pox has already been extended through the whole of North America, to the coafts of Sonora and Sinaloa, and even to the pagans and new converts of Pimeria Alta. In each capital a council has been inftituted, compofed of the principal authorities, and the most zealous members of the faculty; charged with the prefervation of this invaluable fpecific, as a facred depofit, for which they are accountable to the King and to pofterity. "This being accomplished, it was the next care of the Director to carry this part of the expedition from America to Afia, crowned with the moft brilliant fuccefs, and, with it, the comfort of humanity. Some difficulties having been furmounted, he embarked in the port of Acapulco for the Philippine Islands; that being the point at which, if attainable, it was originally intended that the undertaking fhould be terminated, "The bounty of Divine Providence having vouchfafed to fecond the great and pious defigns of the King, Balmis happily performed the voyage, in little more than two months; carrying with him from New Spain, twenty-fix children, destined to be vaccinated in fucceffion, as before; and, as many of them were infants, they were committed to the care of the matron of the Foundling Hospital at La Corunna; who, in this, as well as the former voyages, conducted herself in a manner to merit approbation. The expedition having arrived at the Philippines, and propagated the fpecific in the islands fubject to His Catholic Majefty; Balmis having concluded his philanthropic commiffion, concerted with the captain general, the means of extending the beneficence of the King, and the glory of his auguft name, to the remoteft confines of Afia. "In point of fact, the cow-pox has been diffeminated through the vaft Archipelago of the Vifayan Islands; whofe chiefs, accuftomed to wage perpetual war with us, have laid down their arms, admiring the generofity of an enemy, who conferred upon them the bleffings of health and life, at the time when they were labouring under the ravages of an epidemic fmall pox. The principal perfons of the Portuguefe colonies, and of the Chinese empire, manifefted themselves no lefs beholden, when Balmis reached Macao and Canton; in both which places he accomplished the introduction of fresh virus, in all its activity, by the means already related; a refult which the English, on repeated trials, had failed to procure, in the various occafions, when they had brought out portions of matter in the fhips of their Eaft IndiaCompany; which loft their efficacy on the paffage, and arrived inert. "After having propagated the vaccine inoculation at Canton, as far as poffibility and the political circumstances of the empire would would permit, and having confided the further diffemination of it to the phyficians of the English factory at the above-mentioned port, Balmis returned to Macao, and embarked in a Portuguese effel for Lifbon, where he arrived on the 15th of Auguft. In the way he stopped at St. Helena, in which, as in other places, by dint of exhortation and perfeverance, he prevailed upon the English to adopt the aftonishing antidote, which they had undervalued for the fpace of more than eight years, though it was a discovery of their nation, and though it was sent to them by Jenner himself. "Of that branch of the expedition which was destined for Peru, it is afcertained that it was fhipwrecked in one of the mouths of the river de la Magdalena; but having derived im. mediate fuccour from the natives, and from the magiftrates adjacent, and from the governor of Carthagena, the fub-director, the three members of the faculty who accompanied him, and the children, were faved, with the fluid in good prefervation, which they extended in that port, and its province, with activity and fuccefs. Thence it was carried to the ifthmufes of Panama, and perfons, properly provided with all neceffaries, undertook the long and painful navigation of the river de la Magdalena; feparating, when they reached the interior, to discharge their commiffion in the towns of Teneriffe, Mompor, Ocana, Socorro, San Gil y Medelin, in the valley of Cucuta, and in the cities of Pamplona, Giron, Tunja, Velez, and other places in the neighbourhood, until they met at Santa. For, leaving every where fuitable inftructions for the members of the faculty, and in the more confiderable towns, regulations conformable to those rules which the Director had prefcribed for the preservation of the virus; which the viceroy affirms to have been communicated to fifty thousand perfons, without one unfavourable result. Towards the end of March, 1805, they prepared to continue their journey in feparate tracks, for the purpofe of extending themselves, with greater facility and promptitude, over the remaining districts of the Vice-royalty, fituated in the road of Papayan, Cuenea, and Quito, as far as Lima. In August following they reached Guayaquil. "The refult of this expedition has been, not merely to propagate vaccination amongst all people, whether friends or enemies, among Moors, Vifavans, and Chinefe, but also to fecure to posterity, in the dominions of his Majefty, the perpetuity of fo great a benefit; partly by means of the central committees that have been established, and partly by the difcovery of indigenous matter in the cows of the valley of Atlixco, near the city of Puebla de los-Angeles, by Balmis, in the neighbourhood of that of Valladelid-de Mechoacan, by the Adjutant Antonio Gutierrez, and in the district of Calabozo, in the province of Caraccas, by Don Charles de Pozo, the phyfician of the refidence. A mul "A multitude of obfervations, which will be published witha out delay, refpecting the developement of the cow pock in various climes, and its efficacy, not merely in preventing the natural fmall pox, but in curing, at the fame time, other morbid affections of the human frame, will manifeft how important the confequences of an expedition, which has no parallel in hif tory, will prove to the caufe of humanity. "Though the object of this undertaking was limited to the communication of the cow pock in every quarter, the inftruction of practitioners, and the establishment of regulations, which might ferve to render it perpetual; nevertheless, the Director has omitted no means of rendering his fervices beneficial, at the fame time, to agriculture and the fciences. He brings with him. a confiderable collection of exotic plants. He has caufed draw ings to be made of the most valuable fubjects in natual history. He has amaffed much inportant information; and among other claims to the gratitude of his country, not the least confifts in having imported a valuable affemblage of trees and vegetables, in a state to admit of propagation; and which being cultivated in thofe parts of the Peninsula that are most congenial with their growth, will render this expedition as memorable in the annals of agriculture, as in those of medicine and humanity. It is hoped that the fubdirector and his coadjutors, appointed to carry thefe bleffings to Peru, will fhortly return by way of Buenos Ayres; after accomplishing their journey through that viceroyalty, the viceroyalty of Lima, and the districts of Chili and Charcas; and that they will bring with them fuch collections and obfervations as they have been able to acquire, according to the inftructions given by the director; without lofing fight of the philanthropic commiffion which they received from his Majefty, in the ple nitute of his zeal for the welfare of the human race.” The pleasure refulting from the appearance of this interefting communication, is fomewhat diminished by finding that the prejudices against the practice of vaccination, which we hoped had been nearly confined to London, had reached St. Helena. The Spaniards, as might reasonably be fuppofed, were furprised at finding obftacles oppofed to the practice, among the people whom naturally they imagined to be its warmest patrons. They had the merit of vanquishing the objections to it there, and the inquiry into the real power and value of the practice inftituted by the College of Physicians, at the command of his Majefty, here, will, we truft, diffipate what remains of them in this country. Though the College may not be able to pronounce the cow-pox a certain and infallible prefervative, under all circumftances, and in. all conftitutions, against the infection of the fmall pox, which it may require fome few years more of experience to to determine, yet there are abundant facts to fhow that it is fuch a preservative in a very great majority of cafes, in more than ninety-nine out of every hundred, who have been inoculated; they will alfo learn, that it is perfectly innocent of producing any of thofe new and loathfome difeafes, it has, in the warmth of contention, by fome anti-vaccinifts, been accufed of occafioning. To return to the publication which gave birth to these reflections. Though it contains little that is new, the arguments and facts being fuch as are found in the phyfical journal, and in various other diftin&t works on the fubject; yet as fo much diligence has been used in diffeminating erroneous statements, tending to deftroy the credit of the practice, and to make it unpopular, it seems fair to bring before the public, frequently, and in every fhape, whatever may tend to deftroy the effects of thofe mifrepresentations, and the evidence here collected together is certainly well calculated to answer this purpose. ART. VI. Hiftory of Great Britain, &c. By William Belfbam, &c. THIS (Concluded from our last, page 122.} HIS hiftorical pamphleteer begins his concluding volume by relating the offer of England to enter into a joint negotiation for peace with Auftria, and the correfpondence which enfued between Lord Grenville and M. Otto. In this tranfaction the French preffed for a naval armistice, which England refufed, and after feveral attempts to modify the propofition, the negotiation failed. In this too Mr. Belfham gives all the advantage to the French agent. He is, according to him, "An able, upright, candid, skilful negociator;" Lord Grenville "a tedious, formal, lofty, prefuming, haughty ftatef man. His notes are "confufed, perverfe, and futile; and he would have gone on, in his characteristic manner, exclaiming and declaiming till the Grecian calends." At length," through the egregious incapacity of the English minifter, another very fair and favourable opportunity of terminating the war was unhappily lot; and the effential interefts of Auftria (embarraffed by her fubfifting engagements with the Court of London) were facrificed, without any profpect of advantage to Great Britain." The author next, having noticed fome minor events on the continent, leads the reader back to Egypt, and flates, on the the credit of the fycophant Berthier, in oppofition to much better evidence, that in the conflict at Aboukir Bonaparte destroyed near 10,000 Turks. The intentions of this commander in opening, before his departure, a correfpondence with the Grand Vizier are thus defcribed: "Subfequent to the victory gained by him at Aboukir, he addreffed an able and artful letter to the Grand Vizier, in which he endeavoured to explain to that barbarian the political relations of France and Turkey, and to convince him how much it concerned the permanent intereft of the Sublime Porte to be reconciled to the French Government, "upon whofe friendship she had for centuries depended for protection against the evil defigns of her formidable enemies, Auftria and Ruffia." Wishing rather, doubtless, to relinquish Egypt to the Turks, than to wait the reconqueft of it by the English, he concludes with faying,' If you wish to have Egypt, tell me fo: France has never entertained an idea of taking it out of the hands of the Sublime Porte, and fwallowing it up. Give authority to your minifter, who is at Paris, or fend fome one to Egypt with full and unlimited powers, and all fhall be arranged, without animofity, to your wish. The inftructions of Bonaparte to General Kleber, on leaving Egypt, breathe the fame fpirit:- If this year,' fays the General in Chief, in fpite of all our precautions, the peftilence should rage in Egypt, and deftroy more than fifteen hundred foldiers, I think that you ought not to run the chance of the next campaign, and that you are authorised to conclude peace with the Ottoman Porte, though the evacuation of Egypt fhould be the principal condition." Vol. ii. p. 32. Such is the palliating account given by this philofophic hiftorian, of a negotiation and inftructions, which, we should have thought, no man of common fenfe and common honefty could have read in the original documents, without execrating the profligate perfidy by which they were dictated. Even the impudent untruth, that the French never had the leaft idea of taking Egypt from the Grand Seignor is foftened down by Mr. Belfham into a bold affertion. The convention of El Arifch is then noticed, and the refufal to ratify it afcribed to the "Spirit of elation and prefumption which invariably difcovered itfelf in the English cabinet, upon all occafions of partial fuccefs, and in fo remarkable a manner characterised the English court and minifters during the American conteft; and indeed,” he adds, "at the distance of more than twenty years, divers of the old advisers still retained all their former authority and influence in X BRIT. CRIT. VOL, XXIX. MARCH, 1807, the |