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CONTENT S.

CHAPTER XVI.

General Assemblies-Presbytery and the Solemn League and
Covenant-from 1639 to 1640

CHAPTER XVII.

General Assemblies-Presbyteries, the Covenant, and the Grand

Rebellion-1640

Page

1

44

CHAPTER XVIII.

General Assemblies-Presbytery and the Solemn League and
Covenant, and Grand Rebellion-1641........

CHAPTER XIX.

General Assemblies-Presbytery, the Solemn League and Covenant, and the Grand Rebellion-from 1642 to 1644.........

CHAPTER XX.

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General Assemblies-The Solemn League and Covenant, Presbytery, and the Grand Rebellion-from 1645 to 1648...... 150

CHAPTER XXI.

General Assemblies-Presbytery, the Solemn League and Covenant, and the Grand Rebellion-1648 to 1649.......

CHAPTER XXII.

222

Archbishop Laud, the Puritans, and the Westminster Assembly 236

CHAPTER XXIII.

Charles the First; his History, Trial, and Martyrdom-from

1641 to 1649 .....

272

HISTORY

ОУ ТНЕ

CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.

CHAPTER XVI.

GENERAL ASSEMBLIES.

PRESBYTERY AND THE SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT.

1639.-First steps of the Covenanters.-Proceedings of King's College, Aberdeen.-War determined on.-The king's reply to the Assembly's letter.-A convention at Edinburgh-their proceedings.-Capture of Edinburgh, Dalkeith, and Dumbarton Castles.-Loyalty of Aberdeen.-The earl of Montrosehis successes.-Bishop Bellenden and the clergy of Aberdeen.-Military movements.-The king's movements-secures Berwick.-King and the army encamp at Birks.-Rebels advance to Dunse-Law-operations of the army.-Hamilton's inactivity.-Covenanters petition-the answer-negociations-articles agreed to.-The king remains at Berwick.-Concessions.-The protests of the Tables-their bad faith.-The king remonstrates-the answer of the Tables.Edinburgh Castle surrendered to the king-his officers assaulted-a preconcerted riot.-Citizens of Aberdeen renounce the covenant-subdued by Montrose.-Preparations for the meeting of the Assembly and parliament.-Traquair appointed commissioner—his instructions.-The bishops advise a prorogation— the king's reply to them.-The bishops' declinature.-Covenanters disperse scandalous pamphlets.-Meeting of the Assembly—preliminary business.— Removal of ministers.—Bishop Graham's renunciation and disclaimer.—Dal - › housie's protest.-Causes and remedies of the late revolution.-Henderson's inconsistency. -Commissioner's declaration. Approbation of Johnston's registers.-Act for receiving the submissions of the episcopal clergy.-Several acts of Assembly—their supplication-answer of the privy council.—The commissioner signs the covenant-and admits the truth of their causes of evils.— The chairs in the universities filled up.-Ancient cross.-The king displeased VOL. II,

B

with Traquair-his further instructions.-Assembly's letter to the king.Meeting of parliament-the revolutionary tendency of their proceedings.— Acts of the Assembly ratified.-The king orders Traquair to prorogue the parliament-members protest.-Traquair goes to court.-Proceedings of the Tables.1640.-Committee of parliament appointed.—Parliament in England-their proceedings.-The peers subscribe to a loan.-Lord Pembroke's letter to Rothes.-Puritans and covenanters unite.-The ministers preach for the collection of money-money borrowed.-Meeting of parliament.-The constitution remodelled-farther proceedings.-Argyle's expedition.-Monroe sent against Aberdeen-his operations.-A provincial synod in London.General Assembly-their acts.-Tables levy troops.-Plate melted down.Letter to the French king.-Lord Loudon arrested-committed to the Towerenlarged-and commissioned by the king.

1639. THE COVENANTERS published bitter invectives against the bishops and the whole government of the church, which they were not contented to send only into England, to kindle the same fire there, but with their letters sent them to all the reformed churches, by which they raised so great a prejudice to the king, that too many of them believed that the king had a real design to change religion, and to introduce popery. So that by this means, and the interposition of all those of that nation who attended upon his majesty in his bed-chamber, and in several offices at court, who all undertook to know, by their intelligences, that all was quiet, or would speedily be so, his majesty . . . hardly prevailed with himself to believe that he could receive any disturbance from thence, till he found all his condescensions had raised their insolence, all his offers rejected, and his proclamation of pardon slighted and contemned, and that they were listing men towards the raising an army, under the obligation of their covenant, and had already chosen COLONEL LESLIE, a soldier of that nation, of long experience and eminent command under the king of Sweden, in Germany, to be their general, who being lately disobliged (as they called it) by the king, that is, denied somewhat he had a mind to have, which to that people was always the highest injury, had accepted of the command. Then at last the king thought it time to resort to other counsels, and to provide force to chastise them who had so much despised all his gentler remedies1."

On the dispersion of the late Assembly the members intimated its conclusions to all parts of the country; but the authorities of the King's College, at Aberdeen, sharply rebuked

1 Clarendon's History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars, i, 183-184.

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