Brain Drain and Brain Gain: The Global Competition to Attract High-Skilled MigrantsTito Boeri OUP Oxford, 26 juil. 2012 - 317 pages The worldwide race to attract talents is getting tougher. The US has been leading the race, with its ability to attract PhD candidates and graduates not only from emerging countries, but also from the European Union. However, a growing number of countries have adopted immigration policies specifically aimed at selecting and attracting skilled workers. This book describes the global competition to attract talents. It focuses in particular on two phenomena: the brain gain and brain drain associated with high-skilled migration. Part I provides an overview of immigration policies designed to draw in skilled workers. It describes the economic gains associated with skilled immigration in the destination countries and the main determinants of the inflows of skilled immigrants (such as wage premia on education and R&D spending). It also discusses why skill-selective immigration policies do not find more support in receiving countries and shows that interest groups are actively engaged in affecting policies towards skilled migrants. Part II examines the consequences of brain drain for the sending countries. It reviews the channels through which skilled emigration can affect the source countries and looks at remittances, return migration, diaspora externalities, and network effects that may compensate the sending countries for their loss of human capital. Contrary to traditional wisdom, the results indicate that most developing countries experience a net gain from skilled emigration. |
Table des matières
Introduction | 1 |
Understanding Highly Skilled Migration in Developed Countries The Upcoming Battle for Brains | 15 |
Quantifying the Impact of Highly Skilled Emigration on Developing Countries | 209 |
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adjustment analysis attitudes attract Australia average benefits brain drain Canada cent changes channel Chapter consider costs country of origin data set dependent destination countries determinants developing countries distribution Docquier economic effect empirical employment equation estimates evidence factor Figure flows foreign function gain given groups growth higher highly educated highly skilled immigrants human capital immigration laws immigration policies impact important income increase individuals inflow institutional investment issues Italy labour market less literature measure natives negative observed obtained OECD OECD countries political population positive productivity ratio receiving countries recent reduce regression relative represented residents schooling selection sending share significant skilled migration skilled workers social specific Table talented tertiary education tion total immigration University unskilled variables wage welfare World