driven to the extremity of the Western World, banished even out of the Continent, she has taken refuge in the Atlantic Ocean. There it is, that, freed from the dangers of external disturbance, and assisted by a happy prearrangement of things, she has been able to display the form that suited her; and she has found six centuries to have been necessary for the completion of her work.

Being sheltered, as it were, within a citadel, she there reigns over a nation which is the better entitled to her favours, as it endeavours to extend her empire, and carries with it, to every part of its dominions, the blessings of industry and equality. Fenced in on every side (to use the expressions of Chamberlayne) with a wide and deep ditch, the sea,guarded with strong out-works, its ships of war, and defended by the courage of her seamen, she preserves that mysterious essence, that sacred fire so difficult to be kindled, and which, if it were once extinguished, would perhaps never be lighted again. When the world shall have been again laid waste by conquerors, she will still continue to show mankind, not only the principle that ought to unite them, but, what is of no less importance, the form under which they ought to be united.

And the philosopher, when he considers the constant fate of civil societies amongst men, and observes the numerous and powerful causes which seem, as it were, unavoidably to conduct them all to a state of political slavery, will take comfort in seeing that Liberty has at length disclosed her nature and genuine principles, and secured to herself an asylum, against despotism on one hand, and popular licentiousness on the other.

INDEX.

INDEX.

A.

AMERICAN Colonies, their claim of voting supplies to
the crown, hurtful, if obtained, to the English consti-
tution, 507, 511. What ought to have been the ge-
neral conduct of ministers in regard to the colonies,
ibid.

Appeal, in case of murder, its effects, and to whom al-
Towed, 85.

Army, restrictions on the power of the king in regard to
the keeping of it, 86, 87. Is not, in England, the
means of supporting the authority of the crown, 428.
How little its assistance was useful to James II., 453.
See Military Power and Crown.

Arrest, method of, in civil causes, by the English laws,
109, 110. By the Roman laws, 112, 113. The altera-
tions in the English law in that respect, 114.
Assemblies, popular, the diadvantages they lie under in
regard to each coming to any deliberate well-weighed
resolution, 244, 245. The advantages a few distin-
guished citizens have over them, 250. Tully's passage
concerning them, 261. See People, Commonwealths,

Rome.

Athens, arbitrary proceedings of its magistrates, 270.
Aula Regis, what kind of court, 15. The court of Com-
mon Pleas dismembered from it, 107. The court of
King's Bench may be considered as the remairs of it,
108.

Author, occasional personal remarks of his, 369, 428,
436. His Memorials of Human Superstition, quoted,
497. His conversation with Dr. Franklin, 510.

B.

Barons, originally in a great measure independent in

France, 12. Not so in England, 14. Unite in a com-
mon cause with the people, 22, 332, 439.

Beauchamp, lord (now marquis of Hertford), procures
the passing of a bill for limiting personal arrests, 115.
Bills, how deliberated upon and framed, 65, 221, 229,
263. See Commons and Parliament.

Bill of Rights, an account of, 56. Utility of its provi-
sions, 336.

Blackstone, judge, quoted, 67, 140, 178, 355, 372.
Burnet, bishop, quoted, 360, 453.

C.

Cæsar, public speech of his quoted, 372

Censorial power, that established in Rome only a senato-
rial artifice, 288. See Press.

Censors, in Rome, might remove a man from one tribe
into another, and elect senators, 272.

Chancery, court of, its office in regard to the framing of
writs, 125. See Equity, courts of.

Charles I. sketch of his reign, 46-50. Maintains his
ground eleven years against the violent, political, and
religious spirit of his times, 443. His attempt to seize
the five members led to the civil war, 446.

Charles II., conduct of, 52.

Charta, Magna, substance of, 26, 27.

Cicero quoted, 120, 137, 258, 261, 271, 347.
Civil English laws, divided into unwritten and written law,
108. The sources of the unwritten law, 104. How
far the civil law is a part of the same, 105. What the
written law is, 106. Peculiarities of the English civil
laws, 109. Refinements and subtilties in them, 115,
et seq. Compared with the old Roman civil laws, 123.
Civil power in England, how superior to the military,

446, 451.

Civil Roman laws, the constant dislike of the English
lawyers for them, 100, 101. Formalities in the ancient
Roman laws, 119. The different collections of them,
144.

Coke, sir Edward, quoted, 172, 176, 222, 290.

Comines, Philip de, quoted, 38.

Commons, English, their origin, under Henry III. and Ed-
ward I. 30, 31. How inconsiderable their weight at
first, ibid. This soon increases, 32. Farther advances,