Will any one say that the Apollo Belvidere is not a conception patiently elaborated in its present perfection?-Newman.

Shall is employed to submit a question for decision. It implies control in the person addressed over the future of the third.

Shall he go in your carriage? Shall it be a rose or a thistle, a shamrock or a star and stripe? -Thackeray.

If accusation without proof be credited, who shall be innocent?-Johnson.

How should her Ladyship know?

Who shall analyze those tears, and say whether they were sweet or bitter.-Thackeray.

Shall is used to propose a question or problem for solution.

How even then, shall the thought of Him come home to our minds with that constraining power which the kindness of a human friend exerts over us?-Newman.

Shall can be used only in regard to a question where the decision rests with the persons debating or considering it. An example is quoted from Dean Alford, who tells an amusing anecdote of a debating society that met to discuss the question: "Shall the material universe be destroyed," as if they had the power of destroying it. Of course, they really meant: "Will it be destroyed."

Indirect question. The general rule is, to use shall and will, would and should, as they would be

used by the person who is supposed to ask or consider the question.

He asked, if John would join him in a trip to Australia.

Mrs. Jenkyns asked him if he would come and help her.

Several of the bishops were deliberating as to what course they should take.

The only question that can ever arise is, as to which shall have the preference when they are unhappily divorced.

We were wondering what the house would be like without Miss Jenkyns. I have wondered what we should do.

CHAPTER V.

SHALL AND WILL: A SYNOPSIS OF THEIR USE.

NOTE. It is deemed advisable to add a shorter chapter on the use of shall and will, since the foregoing one may be deemed too long for the average student, and, also, because some grammarians do not agree with "G. M." in all his conclusions.

Promise, Threat, Determination:
You shall be. He shall be.

I will be.

We will be. You shall be. They shall be. RULE. When shall is the proper form for the first person, will is usually correct for the second and the third.

When will is the proper form for the first person, shall is correct (usually) for the second and the third.

Will, in the first person, expresses a promise, a resolution, a threat.

Will, in the second and the third person, simply states that which will take place.

Shall, in the first person, foretells or affirms that which will happen.

Shall, in the second and the third person, expresses a command, a promise, a threat.

Interrogatively; shall, in the first person, asks the permission, the advice, or the wish of another.

Shall, in the second, asks about the future of another.

Shall, in the third, asks the wish or advice of another in regard to the person spoken of.

Will is never used interrogatively in the first person, either singular or plural.

Will, in the second person, inquires the intention or desire of another.

Will, in the third person, asks the intention of another; that is, asks or seeks to know from the person spoken to, the intention of the person spoken of.

Should and would follow the same rules.

governing shall and will.

EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF “SHALL” AND "WILL."

"I shall be at home to-morrow;"-a simple statement of a fact, or of an intention.

"I will stay at home to-morrow, since you desire it;❞—I promise you to remain at home.

"I will resign if the superintendent continues his present course;"—a threat to resign.

"I shall resign and go West;"-a simple intention to resign.

"I will take the pledge, to please you, mother;" -a promise.

"I will maintain my rights;"-that is, I am determined to maintain them.

"You shall remain ;"-I command you to remain.

"You will remain, I am sure;"-I know that you will remain.

"You will like Maritou;"-simply affirming for another.

"He shall remain at school;"-I shall compel him to remain.

"He shall not remain longer than two weeks;" -I forbid him to remain longer.

"He will spend the winter in Paris;"-that is, he intends to spend the winter in Paris.

"He will not be at home before autumn;' he does not intend to be at home before autumn.

"Shall I light the gas now?"-do you wish me to light the gas?

"Shall I remain at home?"-do you wish me to remain, or do you advise me to remain?

"Shall you be at home this evening?"—is it your intention to be?

"Will you wait for me this evening?"—do you promise me to wait?

"Will you play tennis?"-do you wish to play tennis? Are you willing to play? I invite you to play.

"Will you be contented?"-do you think that you will be contented?

"Shall he be promoted?"-do you wish or intend him to be?

"Shall the men be paid?"-is it your intention to have them paid?

"Shall the men quit work?"-is it your command or your wish that they quit their work?

"Will the men quit work if their wages are not raised?"-do you think that they will do so? "Will the engineers go on a strike?”—have they the intention of striking?

"Will the merchants agree upon this question?"-do you think they will agree?

"Shall they wait?"-do you permit them or wish them to wait?

"Will they wait?"-do you think they are willing to wait?

"I shall go;"-I intend to go.

"You shall go;"-I command you to go.