follow that this was its most ancient and original orthography. The change of Lateinus into Latinus was quite in accordance with similar alterations in all languages, at least of secondary formation. Moreover, it is justly observed by Dr. H. More, that Irenæus, who was himself a Greek Father, must have known the proper mode of writing the name Lateinos, and it is remarkable, that in the very place where he proposes it, he also offers another word, namely, Teitan, as containing the number of 666, if the first syllable be written with two Greek letters, the and, thereby openly acknowledging that this is not the most proper mode of writing that word; while, as to any similar deviation from the authentic orthography of Lateinos, he is wholly silent.

If, then, we follow the ancient and original orthography of the name Latinus, the founder of the Latin monarchy, it is found, as already mentioned, to contain 666, the exact Number of the Beast. If, on the other hand, we adopt the more modern and usual orthography of the word, converting it into a noun adjective, and, coupling it with the word kingdom, we find that the simplest form of expressing the phrase, the Latin kingdom, in the Greek tongue ἡ Λατινη βασιλεια, contains the

* As an illustration of this, I copy, from the Collection of Records in Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation, the following sentence of the English of the reign of Henry VIII.: "Bishopes and Prestes, auctorised by the prince, may excommunicate, by Gode's Lawe, for publique and open crimes. But that other thenne Bishopes or Prestes may excommunicate, we haue not rede in Scripture."

same exact Number of 666. Now, as this most marvellous coincidence of circumstances cannot possibly be the result of accident, we must attribute it to the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, and we see in it the certain proof and demonstration that the Apocalyptic Beast is that revived Roman empire of the Latins, whose founder was Latinus; whose name is the Latin empire; whose common language, of religion, and jurisprudence, and science, is the Latin ; and whose Number is 666.

With regard to the explanation of the name and number of the Beast, now adopted by Mr. Faber, I remark, that the character of Apostasy, and the name of Apostate, are not peculiar to the Western or Latin empire, but belong no less to the Eastern or Greek empire* and Church, which were given up to the Mahomedan arms in the first two Woe trumpets, consequently that word cannot be the distinguishing name of the Latin Beast. It is further to be observed, that Mr. Faber rests his interpretation upon a foundation which appears to be erroneous. The reading of our authorized versions in Rev. xiii. 1, and last clause, is, and upon his heads the NAME, (ovoua) Chaoonias, of blasphemy. But, on the authority of the best manuscripts, Griesbach reads ονοματα βλασφημίας, NAMES of blasphemy, which is confirmed by the Syriac version. Mr. Faber affirms that this one supposed name, seven times repeated, is equivalent to the names of blasphemy mentioned in chap. xvii. 3. But in answer to this

* See Mr. Faber's Sacr. Cal., vol. ii. P. 400.

I remark, that one and the same name, however often repeated, is still but one name, and cannot, according to the rules of Grammar, be expressed by the plural number, and consequently the hypothesis of the learned author, that the one name of Apostatès was inscribed on all his heads, falls at once to the ground.

I observe, in the last place, that the Beast, being a kingdom, his name must include in it, according to the universal usage of mankind, some reference either to his peculiar territories, or the people of his kingdom; for it is in this manner that all kingdoms and states are distinguished; in other words, the names of kingdoms are either chorographical or national. Thus, we say, the kingdom of England, or the kingdom of the English-the empire of Rome, or of the Romans. No kingdom or state can be distinguished without the name of its territories or its people being appended to it. The analogy of the name of the mystic Harlot in Rev. xvii. confirms this. She is called BABYLON, a name which is chorographical, and, in its mystic sense, points out the Roman capital called Babylon, in St. Peter's first Epistle, v. 13. She sits on seven hills, the well known characteristic of Rome. is the GREAT CITY that reigns over the kings of the earth, which no less points out Rome as her seat of empire. Now, in the name Latinus, we have, if it be used as a noun substantive, a reference to the kingdom founded in Latium by that person, and if it be used as a noun adjective, we are referred both to that particular kingdom and the people which inhabited it. Such are my reasons

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for rejecting the interpretation of the name and number of the Beast given by Mr. Faber, and adhering to the principle of interpretation of the older writers as enlarged, and improved, and strengthened by the discoveries of Mr. Clarke. I shall just remark once more, in concluding the subject, that we have in the Scriptures various examples of nations being called by the names of their founders; I need only mention Jacob, Moab, Ashur, Esau, Amalek, which are used to signify the nations and kingdoms, as well as their original founders. It is entirely agreeable to this analogy, that the kingdom founded by Lateinos should bear the name Lateinos.

Having thus ascertained the number of the Beast it only remains to observe, that we learn from the history of Christian Europe in what manner this part of the prophecy was accomplished. During those ages when the Papal power was at its height, all who refused to hold communion with the corrupt Latin Church, and thus to inscribe themselves with the mark, and name, and number of the Beast, were exposed to excommunication as heretics, to exclusion from the common charities and offices of life, even from all intercourse in buying and selling, and the loss of life itself. I shall conclude what I have to offer on this head, by quoting a passage from Bishop Newton, showing the literal fulfilment of this part of the prophecy: "If any dissent from the stated and authorized forms of the Latin Church, they are condemned and excommunicated as heretics; and in consequence of that, they are no longer suffered to buy or sell; they are interdicted

from traffic and commerce, and all the benefits of civil society. So Roger Hoveden relates of William the Conqueror, that he was so dutiful to the Pope, that he would not permit any one in his power to buy or sell any thing, whom he found disobedient to the Apostolic See. So the Canon of the council of Lateran, under Pope Alexander the Third, made against the Waldenses and Albigenses, enjoins, upon pain of anathema, that no man presume to entertain or cherish them in his house, or land, or exercise traffic with them. The synod of Tours, in France, under the same Pope, orders under the like intermination, that no man should presume to receive or assist them, no not so much as to hold any communion with them in buying or selling; that, being deprived of the comfort of humanity, they may be compelled to repent of the error of their ways. Pope Martin the Fifth, in his bull,

I have myself verified the fidelity of this account of the proceedings of the Synod of Tours, which was held in A. D. 1163. The following words are from the fourth Canon of that council, which is to be found in the Paris edition of the Acts of councils, to which I had access in the Library of the British Museum.

"In partibus Tolosæ damnanda hæresis dudum emersit, quæ paulatim more cancri ad vicina loca se diffundens, per Guasconiam et alias provincias quam plurimos jam infecit. Quæ dum in modum serpentis intra suas evolutiones absconditur quanto serpit occultius, tanto gravius Dominicam vineam in simplicibus demolitur. Unde contra eam episcopos et omnes Domini sacerdotes in illis partibus commorantes vigilare præcipimus, et sub interminatione anathematis prohibere, ut ubi cogniti fuerint illius hæresis sectatores, ne receptaculum quisquam in terra sua præbere, aut præsidium impertire præsumat Sed ne in venditione aut emptione aliqua cum eis omnino commer