BIBLE, ENGLISH all the copies of the Holy Scriptures which could translation of the entire Bible. It was probably be found were burned in the streets." Cranmer, done under the influence of Cromwell and with Thomas More, and Foxe, with many others, bear the aid of many assistants. It was not with Covertestimony to the existence of "divers copies of dale, as it was with Tyndale, a work of love. He the Holy Bible in the English tongue." The fol- undertook it as a task imposed upon him and did lowing are fragments of translations which are it perfunctorily and mechanically. Nor was it a clearly traced: Cædmon's versifications of an translation from the original, but mainly from the English translation (689); St. Cuthbert's Evan-German and Latin. It shows a strong royal and, gelistarium, which is a Latin translation with an interlinear English (689); St. Aldhelm's translation; Eadfurth's translation (720); King Alfred's (901); Ælfric's (995). These, however, were all made from the Latin, and not from the original Hebrew. After the Conquest the language under-lish. went a great change; the old English Bibles fell into disuse, until they were practically unknown, only a few fragments remaining. ecclesiastical influence. It uses a variety of Eng- 6. Travener's Version. This version appeared in 1539, and was made necessary by the ecclesiastical opposition to the Matthew's Bible. It, however, is but an expurgated edition of this version. 2. Wyclif's Version. In the 14th century there was a demand which had been gathering strength for many years for an English version. This demand was met by two translations, made respectively by John Wyclif and Richard Purvey. Each carried on his work without the knowledge of the other. Wyclif's was completed in 1384, and Purvey's in 1388. The latter, however, was thought to be only a correction of the former and at one time was even published in the name of Wyclif. The Wyclif version is characterized by 7. Cranmer's Version was printed in 1539 (1) The homely speech of the common people. with the sanction of Cranmer's name. The transIn many instances the word children is rendered lation was made by a corps of scholars under the "brat;" father is "dad;" chariot is "cart." (2) direction of the archbishop and his coadjutors. The exact rendering of the English idiom for the It was a large folio and illustrated with a picture ancient. Thus, Raca is "Fy" or "Pugh;" mam-supposed to be the work of Holbein. It had the mon is "richesse." (3) The literalness of the license of the king, and was called "The Great translation. The following is a specimen: "The Bible." disciplis scien to hym, Maister now the Jewis soughten for to stoone thee, and est goist thou thidir? Jheus answered whether ther ben not twelue ouris of the dai? If ony man wandre in the night he stomblith, for light is not in him. He seith these thingis and aftir these thingis he seith to hem Lazarus oure freend slepith but Y go to reise hym fro sleep Therfor hise disciplis seiden: Lord if he slepith he schal be saaf.” 8. The Geneva Bible. This was a popular revision of "The Great Bible" made by Hebrew and Greek scholars who were refugees in Geneva. The cost of the other (about $30) made it inaccessible to the people. The purpose of the Geneva version was to give to England a household edition of the word of God. It was a small quarto with marginal notes, and was divided into chapters and verses. It at once became popular, and there are over two hundred editions of it. 9. The Bishops' Bible appeared in 1568, and was made on the suggestion of Archbishop Parker. He was assisted in his work by eight of his bishops and some of the scholars of the Church. It was elegantly printed, profusely illustrated, and ornamented with elaborate initial letters. From one of these, introducing the Epistle to the Hebrews, this version was popularly called "The Leda Bible." It never received the approval of the scholars, and its cost kept it from the pos session of the people. 3. Tyndale's Version. In 1526 William Tyndale made a translation of the New Testament from the original Greek. He afterward made a translation of the Pentateuch and other portions of the Old Testament. The whole was printed in Germany and imported into England. Tyndale's introduction and comments awakened intense opposition; and many copies of the work were publicly burned by the order of the Bishop of London. As in Wyclif's version, the language was the homely speech of the people. Many of his words have lost their old-time meaning, as is seen in the following rendering of Tit. 1:1: "Paul, 10. The Rheims and Douay Version. A the rascal of God and the villein of Jesus Christ." translation was made by Martin, Allen, and The aim of the translator was to render the sim- Bristow, who were refugees in Rheims, where in ple sense of the original uninfluenced by theolog- 1582 they published the New Testament. The ical thought. Thus, instead of grace" he used work was completed by the publication in 1609 of the word "favor," "love" instead of "char- the Old Testament. This was done in Douay, ity," "acknowledging" instead of "confessing," which fact gives the name to the version. Alto"elders" instead of "priests," "repentance in-gether aside from its Romish viewpoint, it is the stead of "penance," "congregation" instead of poorest rendering into English of any of the ver"church." sions. The following are given as fair specimens 4. Coverdale's Version. In 1535 Miles of its literary style: Purge the old leaven that Coverdale completed and printed an English you may be a new paste, as you are asymes," BIBLE, ENGLISH and for "long-suffering," "longanimity." In Heb. 9:23, for "the patterns of things in the heavens," the Douay has the exemplars of the celestials." In Heb. 13:16, "To do good and to communicate forget not, for with such sacrifices God is well pleased," the Douay reads, "Beneficence and communication do not forget, for with such hosts God is promerited." BIBLE, LITERATURE OF "You are evacuated from Christ." In Gal. 5: Edition of the English Bible: Its Subsequent Re19 this version substitutes for "drunkenness," prints and Modern Representatives. It is there 'ebrieties;" for "revelings," "comessations;" said that 'more than half the references found in the edition of 1611 are derived from manuscript and printed copies of the Vulgate Latin Bible, and thus present to us the fruits of the researches of medieval scholars and the traditional expositions of the Western Church.' Yet there were in that edition only about nine thousand of these references, whereas there are many times that number in ordinary reference Bibles to-day; and in Bagster's Treasury Bible, containing a page of references for every page of text, there are claimed to be five hundred thousand references. Many obviously erroneous references have been weeded out, but good and bad are still to be found in most reference Bibles; and they need watching, as do all the works of man 27 (Sunday School Times). 11. The Authorized Version. It is also known as the King James Bible, from James I, by whose authority and support it was undertaken and completed. It was begun in 1604 and finished in seven years. Forty-seven of the ablest scholars were selected to do the work, each taking a portion and all finally reviewing the whole. It was to correspond with the Bishops' Bible, excepting where the original Hebrew and Greek made it impossible. The excellence of the work done is attested by the simple fact that this version has held the heart of the English-speaking world for nearly three centuries, and that no subsequent version has been able to supplant it. (2) Chapters. The numerical division of the Old and New Testament into chapters is by some ascribed to Lafrance, Archbishop of Canterbury; by others to Stephen Langton. Its authorship is usually assigned to the schoolmen, who, with Cardinal Hugh, of St. Cher, were the authors of the Concordance for the Latin Vulgate, about A. D. 1240. Yet Cardinal Humbert, A. D. 1059, cites Exodus, chaps. 12, 13. Whoever was the author, from this period the division of the several books into chapters was gradually adopted in the Latin and other versions. LITERATURE.-Works used in the preparation of articles on the Bible: Horne's Introduction; Davidson's Treatise on Biblical Criticism; Bishop Foster's The Supernatural Book; Professor Giv 12. The Revised Version. There have been a number of attempts at revision of the A. V., but nothing of importance has been done until very recent times. In 1870 the convocation of Canterbury formally originated an inquiry which has resulted in a new version completed in 1885. This version was felt to be needed because of the change which two centuries have made in the meaning of many English words; because of the fuller knowledge we now have of the Hebrew and the Greek text; because of the confessed inac-en's Revelation, Inspiration, and Canon; Keith on curacy of many of the renderings in the A. V.; and because of the obscurities occasioned by the form of the English text where there is no distinction made between prose and poetry, and where the divisions into chapters and verses make unnatural and abrupt breaks in the inspired thought. The aim of the translators was to introduce as few alterations into the text of the A. V. as faithfulness to the truth would allow; and to make the language of such alterations conform to that of the rest of the book. The New Version has not yet won the heart of the Englishspeaking world, but is accepted as an able commentary on the text which since 1611 has been a sacred classic. 13. The American Standard Bible. The R. V. with such alterations as were recommended by the American branch of revisers, and which was not to be published till 1900. 14. The Polychrome Version. An entirely new translation made from the original text, under the direction of Professor Haupt, of Johns Hopkins University, and which aims to give a rendering on the basis of the most recent school of Higher Criticism. 15. Bible Chapters and Marginal References. (1) "The marginal or parallel references, as found in our ordinary English Bibles, are a matter of growth and of changes and selection. Their history is given in various works on the English Bible. It is told carefully and with succinctness in Scrivener's Authorized the Prophecies; Fisher's Supernatural Origin of Christianity; Harman's Introduction; Wordsworth on the Canon of Scripture; Birk's The Bible and Modern Thought; Weir on The Nature and Means of Revelation; Stillingfleet's Origines Sacræ; Professor W. Robertson Smith's article on the Bible in the Britannica; Townsend on The Bible and the Nineteenth Century; Geikie's Hours with the Bible; Pentecost's The Volume of the Book; Newton's Book of the Beginnings, Angus's The Bible Handbook; Bissell on the Pentateuch, its Origin and its Structure; Murray on The Origin and Growth of the Psalms; Cook's The Bible and English Prose Style; Moulton on The Literary Study of the Bible; Canon Driver's Introduction to Old Testament Literature.—A. H. T. BIBLE, LITERATURE OF. Aside from its sacred character, the Bible is a depository of literature of the highest order. The literary features of the Bible have been obscured by the absorbing interests of its doctrinal teachings, which have made the form in which they have been communicated seem insignificant. And they are almost entirely obliterated in the structure of the English text, where there is no visible distinction between prose and poetry, and where the divisions into chapter and verse abruptly break lines of thought and musical rhythm in the most unnatural places. But a knowledge of the literary form is needful to an understanding of the divine meanings. To turn poetry, stirring with elevated emotion and creative imagery, into accurate prose, BIBLE, LITERATURE OF as is done in our English Bible, is to make it state things of doubtful meaning, and sometimes of perplexing untruth. The ancient Hebrew, as is universally the fact in the speech of the infancy of history and thought, has somewhat of the poetic element even in its prose. Thus, for example, the story of creation as told in Genesis, which is the oldest literary fragment in the world, is really an epic, and must be read not as we read science, but as we read the intuitions of a creative spirit. So also the literary form of prophecy, exalted as it is by the lofty tone of the writer, passes out of prose into dramatic forms, as in Micah and Hosea, or into what has been termed rhapsody, as illustrated in Habakkuk and in the second portion of Isaiah. To interpret these as prose would be to create confusion worse confounded. The history and character of the literature of the Bible may be briefly summarized thus: 1. The Mosaic Literature is the product of the great lawgiver, who collated and edited the traditions of the people and wrote the history of his own period. This material was put in shape after the establishment of the kingdom gave leisure for literary study, and was finally edited after the exile by those who made annotations on many points of interest to their time which in the origi- | nal were obscure. It includes primitive epics, such as the creation (Gen. 1-2:3), the temptation (Gen. 2:4–3:24), the flood (Gen. 6:9-9:17); epic his tory, such as the story of Abraham and Joseph; constitutional history, such as the exodus; genealogies and orations, such as frequently occur in Genesis and Numbers; lyrics, by which we mean poetry set to music and meant to be sung. In this period are folk-songs, such as the songs of the sword (Gen. 4:23, 24) and the well (Num. 21:17, 18); odes, which are distinguished from other lyrics by greater elaboration and artistic finish, such as the triumphal song of Moses (Exod. 15), and his parting song (Deut. 32); elegies, such as the song of bondage (Psa. 88), and the song of life (Psa. 40). 2. The Period of the Judges was one of anarchy and unrest, such as produces myths and ballads, but rarely elaborated and sustained literaIts products in Israel are war songs, as that of Deborah (Judg. 5); fables, as Jotham's (Judg. 9); popular narrative of heroes, as Samson and Jephthah; idyls, as that of Ruth. ture. Instances of this are seen in the movement of the hosts of Israel when they sang the song of Moses and Miriam, and in David's dancing when they brought the ark to Zion with song. The later poetry of the Greeks is more artistic, and makes the movement of sound, rather than of body, chord with the sentiment. David's lyrics are the outburst of nature. 4. The Augustan Period of Hebrew literature occurred during the reign of Solomon, when the kingdom was at the zenith of its power and a protracted peace with its consequent prosperity gave leisure for reflection. Under the genius of the wise king there grew up in his court a school of wisdom-poets, historians, scientists, philosophers. Out of this academy came the most brilliant products of the Hebrew mind. Among them are Job, a masterpiece of epic poetry; the Song of Solomon, either a dramatic ode or pure drama; Ecclesiastes, a superb specimen of gnomic verse; Proverbs, a collection of the sayings of wise menshort pithy sentences which compress the essence of wisdom; Psalms of the Korahitic character, remarkable for their artistic finish. 5. Period of the Kings. The characteristic feature of this is prophecy. All literatures have their diviners, but it is the peculiar glory of the biblical that it has its prophecy. The oracle relates to the present, and has reference to circumstances of private and national life. Prophecy, in addition to this, looks on to the end of history and relates to mankind as a whole. Its literary form is rich with: (1) History, as the Book of Jonah; (2) Discourse, as Isa. 1 and Ezek. 34; (3) Lyrics, as Isa. 47 and Ezek. 32; (4) Doom-songs, as Jer. 46-51; Ezek. 25-32; (5) Parables, as Ezek. 15 and Isa. 5:1-7; (6) Drama, as Micah and Hosea; (7) Elegy, as Lamentations; (8) The Psalms of this period are of a didactic and liturgic character. They are doctrine in verse or prepared especially for the use of the psalter and the music of worship. 6. The Post-exilic Period is noted for the effort that was made to collect and put in permanent form all the sacred literature; and for this reason is a good starting point for the study of the entire biblical collection. Its touch is felt in every part of the holy book. This period also added: (1) History, as Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther; (2) Prophecy, as Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi ; (3) Lyric, which are embraced in the fifth book of the Psalms. Here are beautiful specimens of the ballad style in "the songs of degree" (Psa. 120-134). 3. The Transition Period into stable government was marked by two strong elements of literature-the historical and the lyrical. There were appointed chroniclers to collate the ancient documents and write up the traditions of their people. Hence came the histories of Joshua and 7. The New Testament Literature is Judges. Under the genius of David sacred lyrics unique. The gospels are not, strictly speaking, reached at a bound a height of excellence never history nor biography, but testimonies. Luke does, attained since in any speech. David's psalms are in some measure, approach the dignity of history, unequaled in expressing and interpreting the deep- but it is a report of facts gathered from eyewitest spiritual emotion of all time. Hebrew poetry, nesses. This gives to the gospels a convincing unlike that of the European literatures, is not in force which mere history could not command. the meter or rhyme, but in the movement of The epistolary literature, independent of its sacred thought likened to the swing of the pendulum to theme, ranks among the highest of that form of and fro, or like the tramp of an army marching in letters. The Apocalypse deserves its place among step. Its versification is the rhythmic cadence of the prophets. Careful students liken it to the parallel lines. In this respect it is more akin to Canticles. It is a dramatic presentation of the the music of nature than our own. The most history of the Church in its struggle and final ancient song was made to accompany the dance. | triumph.—A. H. T. BIBLE, VERSIONS OF BIBLE, VERSIONS OF, the name given to the translations of the Bible into languages other than the original. Since the Protestant Reformation they have become very numerous, portions of the Holy Scriptures being rendered into almost every dialect in the world. Only the most important of the older versions are here named: 1. The Septuagint (LXX). This is the oldest translation of the Old Testament into the Greek language. It is so called from the seventy-two translators, or from the sanction it received from the seventy-two members of the Sanhedrin. The occasion of it was the decline of the Hebrew speech as the popular vernacular, and the common use of the Greek throughout the civilized world. It was commenced by Jews of Alexandria about B. C. 280, and was finished several years later. The marked literary inequality of its several parts indicate that they are the work of different minds. It came in the course of time to have an authority even higher than that of the original text. And there can be but little doubt that it is far more correct than the Hebrew we now have, which is not in its original form, but in the liturgical shape into which it was cast for purposes of worship by Jews of Tiberias about the 6th century of our era. The LXX was invariably quoted by the New Testament writers, and it was the text universally accepted by the Christian Church. There have been a number of later Greek versions designed to correct or better the LXX. They bear the names of the translators-Aquila, Theodotion, Symmachus. But they were never accepted by the Chris tian Church. 2. Peshito. The Syriac version of the Old Testament and the greater part of the New. The translation was made in the second part of our era from the original text. It corresponds with the LXX in such a degree as to suggest the fact that the present Hebrew text varies widely from the ancient and original one. There are later Syriac versions, notably the Syro-Hexaplar-translated from the LXX in the 7th century. 3. Vulgate. The current Latin version of the Bible, made by Jerome and completed A. D. 405. The New Testament is a revision of an older Latin version, called the Itala, the origin of which is unknown. The Old Testament is a translation from the Hebrew with the aid of the LXX. There are many editions of this version, but the one in current use is the Clementine (1593), so called from Pope Clement VIII, who authorized the final revision and proclaimed it the true text. 4. Coptic. The Coptic is a mixture of the ancient Egyptian and the Greek tongues. There are two versions in this tongue, known as the Memphitic and the Thebaic, belonging respectively to Lower and Upper Egypt. They were both made from the LXX and not from the Hebrew. Both were made in the 2d century, and neither gives the entire canon of Scripture. There are other ancient versions, belonging to countries widely separated and made from the original at different times. With many verbal differences they are in wonderful agreement, and are a strong proof of the integrity of the text of the Holy Bible.-A. H. T. See VERSIONS. BIGVAI BIBLIA PAUPERUM, Bible of the Poor. 1. The name given to a Picture Bible, printed before the invention of movable types, on wood blocks. It had forty leaves printed on one side, on which forty scenes from the life of our Lord were depicted, with some Old Testament events, accompanied with an illustrative text or sentence in Latin. It was not intended so much for the poor people as for the indigent friars, who were, doubtless, aided in their preaching by the pictures. The pictures in this book were copied in sculpture, paintings, and altar pieces. The stained-glass windows in Lambeth Chapel were copied from some of them. 2. A work of Bonaventura, in which Bible events are alphabetically arranged and accompanied with notes to aid preachers. BIBLIOMANCY (Gr. Biẞhíov, bib-lee-on, Bible, and pavrɛía, man-ti'-ah, divination), a kind of fortune-telling by means of the Bible, consisting of drawing texts of Scripture at random, from which inference was made of duty, future events, etc. It was introduced from paganism, which made a similar use of Homer, Virgil, and other writers. In the 12th century it was used for the detection of heretics and in the election of bishops. A sort of bibliomancy was in use among the Jews, which consisted in appealing to the very first words heard from anyone reading the Scriptures, and in regarding them as a voice from heaven. BICH'RI (Heb. 3, bik-ree', youthful), a Benjamite, whose son Sheba stirred up a rebellion against David after the death of Absalom (2 Sam. 20:1, sq.), B. C. about 967. BID'KAR (Heb. 3, bid-kar', assassin, or, according to Fürst, servant of the city), Jehu's captain and originally fellow-officer, who cast the body of Jehoram, the son of Ahab, into the field of Naboth after Jehu had slain him (2 Kings 9:25), B. C. 842. BIER (Heb. ?, mit-taw', bed, 2 Sam. 3:31; Gr. copóc, sor-os', open coffin, funeral couch, Luke 7:14). The original form of the term is "beere," is in fact a hand-barrow on which to carry a corpse from the Anglo-Saxon "beran," to bear. The bier to burial. In Europe it was usually covered by a hearse," or wagon-shaped framework, for the support of the "pall." A combination of the two placed on wheels makes the modern hearse. BIGAMY. See MARRIAGE. BIG THA (Heb. 2, big-thaw', perhaps garden), one of the seven chamberlains who had charge of the harem of Xerxes (Ahasuerus) and were commanded by him to bring in Queen Vashti to the banquet (Esth. 1:10), B. C. 519. 2, BIGʻTHAN, or BIGʻTHANA (Heb. big-thawn', perhaps fortune-given), one of the the door." He conspired with Teresh against the chamberlains of Xerxes (Ahasuerus) who "kept life of the king, and being exposed by Mordecai was hanged with his fellow-conspirator (Esth. 2:21; 6:2), B. C. about 510. BIG'VAI (Heb. “17, big-vah'ee, husbandman). 1. The head of one of the families of Israelites who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabei (Ezra BILDAD 2:2; Neh. 7:7), with a large number of retainers -two thousand and fifty-six, Ezra 2:14; two thousand and sixty-seven, Neh. 7:19, B. C. 536. At a later period seventy-two males of his family BINNUI showed the amount of indebtedness, probably of tenants who paid rent in kind. the tongue, i. e., eloquent), the name of one of the BIL'SHAN (Heb. 1, bil-shawn', son of BIM'HAL (Heb. 2, bim-hawl', son of circumcision, i. e., circumcised), a son of Japhlet and great-great-grandson of Asher (1 Chron. 7:33), B. C. about 1444. returned with Ezra (ch. 8:14), B. C. about 457. 2. One of the chiefs of the people who sub-princes of the Jews who returned to Jerusalem scribed to the covenant with Nehemiah (Neh. with Zerubbabel after the captivity (Ezra 2:2; 10:16), B. C. 445. Perhaps the same with No. 1. Neh. 7:7), B. C. 536. BILDAD (Heb. 77, bil-dad', son of contention), the Shuhite, and the second of the three friends of Job who disputed with him as to his affliction and character (Job 2:11). In his first speech (ch. 8) he attributes the death of Job's chil dren to their own transgression. In his second speech (ch. 18) he recapitulates his former assertions of the temporal calamities of the wicked, insinuating Job's wrongdoing. In his third speech (ch. 25), unable to answer Job's arguments, he takes refuge in a declaration of God's glory and man's nothingness. Finally, with Eliphaz and Zophar, he availed himself of the intercession of Job, in obedience to the divine command (ch. 42:9). BIL'EAM (Heb., bil-awm', foreigner), a town in the western half of the tribe of Manasseh, and given with its "suburbs" to the Kohathites (1 Chron. 6:70). BIND (Heb., kaw-shar'). In the command, "Thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand," etc., (Deut. 6:8) the "words are figurative, and denote an undeviating observance of the divine commands; and their literal fulfillment could only be a praiseworthy custom or well-pleasing to God when resorted to as the means of keeping the commands of God constantly before the eye" (K. and D., Com., in loc.). BINDING AND LOOSING. To bind and loose are found in the address of our Lord to Peter (Matt. 16:19). No other terms were in more constant use in rabbinic canon law than these. "The BIL’GAH (Heb. 2, bil-gaw', cheerfulness). words are the literal translation of the Heb. N 1. Head of the fifteenth course for the Temple aw-sar', to bind, in the sense of prohibiting; and service, as arranged by David (1 Chron. 24:14),, hit-teer', to loose, in the sense of permitting." B. C. about 989. 2. A priest who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel and Jeshua (Neh. 12:5, 18), B. C. 536. Perhaps the same as BILGAI, infra (Neh. 10:8). Binding and loosing" referred merely to things them lawful or unlawful. Thus the rabbis claimed or acts, prohibiting or permitting them, declaring binding or loosing acts or things; by the second both legislative and judicial power: by the first BIL'GAI (Heb. ?, bil-gah'ee, signification same as above), one of the priests whose de-remitting or retaining, thus declaring a person free scendants were sealed with Nehemiah after the restoration (Neh. 10:8), B. C. 445. Probably the same as BILGAH, supra. BIL'HAH (Heb., bil-haw', faltering), the handmaid of Rachel, given to her by Laban (Gen. 29:29), and bestowed by her upon her husband, Jacob, that through her she might have children, B. C. about 1749. Bilhah thus became the mother of Dan and Naphtali (Gen. 30:3-8; 35:25; 46:25). Her stepson Reuben afterward lay with her (Gen. 35:22), and thus incurred his father's dying reproof (Gen. 49:4). BIL'HAN (Heb. 2, bil-hawn', tender). 1. A Horite chief, son of Ezer, son of Seir, dwelling in Mount Seir, in the land of Edom (Gen. 36:27; 1 Chron. 1:42), B. C. about 1840. 2. A Benjamite, son of JEDIAEL (q. v.) and father of seven sons (1 Chron. 7:10), B. C. before 1444. 66 BILL (Heb. O, say-fer, writing) is a word meaning anything that is written, e. g., a "bill of divorcement" (Deut. 24:1, 3; Isa. 50:1; Jer. 3:8; Matt. 19:7, Gr. ßißiov, bib-lee'-on). The words in Job 31:35, "that mine adversary had written a book," would be better rendered, “ that mine adversary had given me a bill of accusation" (i. e., of indictment). In Jer. 32:10-16, 44, "the evidence" (marg. "book") means a bill of purchase or sale. By "bill ” (Gr. уpáμμa, gram'-mah, Luke 16:6, 7) a legal instrument is meant, which from or liable to punishment, compensation, or sacrifice. These two powers Jesus transferred, and that not in their pretension, but in their reality, to the apostles (Edersheim, Life and Times of Jesus, ii, 85). BIN'EA (Heb. 3, and, bin-aw', a gushing forth, fountain), a Benjamite, son of Moza and father of Rapha, of the descendants of King Saul (1 Chron. 8:37; 9:43), B. C. about 850. BINNU'I (Heb. ", bin-noo'ee, a building). ' 1. A Levite whose son, Noadiah, was one of those that assisted in weighing the gold and silver from Babylon (Ezra 8:33), B. C. about 457. designed for the divine service on the restoration 2. One of the "sons" of Pahath-moab, who put away his strange wife on the return from Babylon (Ezra 10:30), B. C. 456. 3. Another Israelite, of the "sons" of Bani, who did the same (Ezra 10:38), B. C. 456. 4. A Levite, son of Henadad, who returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon (Neh. 12:8), B. C. 536. He also (if the same) assisted in repairing the walls of Jerusalem (Neh. 3:24), B. C. 446, and joined in the covenant (Neh. 10:9), B. C. 410. 5. The head of one of the families of Israelites whose followers, to the number of six hundred and forty-eight, returned from Babylon (Neh. 7:15). In Ezra 2:10 he is called BANI (q. v.), and his re tainers are numbered at six hundred and fortytwo. |