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CONVENTION entre la Russie et la Perse, pour l'interprétation de l'Article XIV du Traité de Paix de Tourkmantchaî (du 22 Fevrier, 1828).*—Conclue à Téhéran, le 3 Juillet, 1844.

Arrest of Subjects of either State entering the Territories of the other without Passports.

DANS le but de faire cesser les désordres et les abus que les habitants des provinces limitrophes de la Russie et de la Perse font souvent de la transmigration, les fondés de pouvoirs des 2 Parties Contractantes, avec la permission et l'autorisation de leurs Gouvernements respectifs, ont signé l'arrangement suivant:

ART. 1. Les sujets des 2 Puissances ne pourront désormais passer d'un pays dans l'autre sans passeport et sans permis en règle de leur Gouvernement.

ART. II. Tout individu sujet de l'un des 2 Gouvernements qui se rendrait sur le territoire de l'autre, sans s'être pourvu d'un passeport, sera arrêté et livré aux autorités frontières les plus proches, ou bien au Ministre, Chargé d'Affaires, ou Consul de sa nation, avec tous les objets d'habillements, d'armements, &c., dont il sera porteur.

ART. III. Toute demande que les sujets des 2 Etats addresseront à leur Gouvernement pour obtenir l'autorisation d'émigrer, devra se faire sans intervention étrangère.

ART. IV. Si les préposés des 2 Gouvernements, en considération de l'amitié qui les unit, demandent l'un à l'autre des passeports, on ne les refusera pas pour quelques familles, à moins qu'il n'y ait des empêchements légaux.

Signé à Téhéran le 3 Juillet, 1844, (28 Djoumadi-el-sani 1260).

(L.S.) HADJI-MIRZA-AGASSY.

(L.S.) A. MEDEM.

AGREEMENT between Russia and Persia, recognizing the River Attrek as forming the Boundary between the two States on the East Coast of the Caspian Sea. 13th December, 1869.†

ON the 13th December, 1869, the following Agreement was signed between Russia and Persia recognizing the sovereignty of Persia up to the banks of the Attrek:

"His Majesty the Shah having on the 12th instant (4th December) requested the Undersigned, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor, to explain for what object the fort at Kizil Soo (Krasnovodsk) was being constructed, and having also required an assurance

*February 22, 1828. "State Papers," Vol. 15, page 669.
See Further Convention, 21st December, 1881, page 136.

that the Russian authorities would in no way interfere with the affairs of the Yemoot Turkomans, and of those living on the Attrek and Goorgan Rivers; also, that no fort or stronghold should hereafter be built at the embouchures of the Attrek or Goorgan Rivers; and likewise that they should not interfere in any way with the possessions of Persia, but that the Persian Government should continue to maintain the authority they have hitherto held in respect to these tribes and their territories, in accordance with the wish expressed by His Majesty the Shah, the Undersigned lost no time in referring by telegraph to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of His Majesty the Emperor, and he has now the pleasure to bring to the knowledge of the Ministers of His Majesty the Shah the reply which he has just received to the effect that the Government of His Majesty the Emperor recognizes the authority and sovereignty of Persia up to the banks of the Attrek River, and that they have no intention to construct any fort.

“M. BEGER.”

On the 26th March, 1873, the British Chargé d'Affaires at Teheran (Mr. R. Thomson) reported that the Persian Government considered that the Declaration made by Russia on the 13th December, 1869, had no reference to the territory in the interior towards Khorassan, but regarded only the territory adjoining the Province of Asterabad, that is to say, from the Caspian Sea, at the mouth of the Attrek, along the banks of that river for about 30 miles, to where the Goorgan district ended.*

19th 31st

CONVENTION between Russia and Persia, for the construction of a Telegraph Line from Chekishlar to Asterabad.— January, 1881. (Translation.)

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As the Telegraph Convention of the th May, 1879 (2nd Jemadu-es Sanee. 1296), contracted between the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Russian Legation at Tehran has expired, and the Russian Government wish to keep up communication with their military authorities on the east coast of the Caspian Sea, the Undersigned have agreed upon the following Articles :

:

ART. I. In order that the aforesaid communications may pass through without loss of time, the Persian Government

See also Convention of 21st December, 1881, page 136.

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engage to protect as far as is in their power such telegraph wires of the Chekishlar-Astrabad line as pass through Persian territory. In virtue of Article XI of the Convention of the th May, 1879, the lines which have been constructed on Persian territory have become the property of the Persian Government, which now engages to protect them and keep them in working order, that is to say, their "exploitation," and the horsemen who are employed to protect the telegraph lines will accompany the Russian telegraph employés on their inspec

tion of these lines.

ART. II. The Russian Government on its side engages to pay all expenses of repairs to the wires from Chekishlar to Astrabad during the time that this Convention is in force. The Persian Government also engages not to claim customs duty for any material and implements which may be necessary for the construction and keeping in repair of the said line.

ART. III. The Persian Government will give permission for stationing Russian telegraph officers at Persian stations from Zulfa to Chekishlar whenever they may be deemed requisite for the transmission of messages in due order and without delay, and their duties and rights will be the same as those enacted in the Convention of the 12th May, 1879.

ART. IV. For messages in transit between Zulfa and Astrabad, and also between Russian stations on the eastern side of the Caspian and Tehran, with the Persian telegraph stations to the north of that place, in conformity with the Arrangement of the 2nd April, 1880, between the Governments of Russia and Persia, which is known in French as the "Déclaration," the Persian Government is to receive 30 centimes a word, and between Russian stations on the east of the Caspian and the south of Tehran 60 centimes will be paid to the Persian Government.

ART. V. The transmission of all Government messages passing over Persian lines between Astrabad and Zulfa will: take precedence of all private messages from Persian telegraph stations, but not of the official messages of the Persian Govern

ment.

ART. VI. In order that no delay should take place in the transmission of messages between Zulfa and Astrabad, the lines must be inspected and repaired; therefore the Persian Government engages to set aside one-tenth of the amount received by Persia for messages, in virtue of this Convention, for the necessary repairs, and the Persian Telegraph Department shall expend that amount in making the said repairs, unless in the case of its being found that so large a sum is not required for that purpose.

ART. VII. This Convention will be in force so long as the Russian Government requires to keep up telegraphic communi

* Expired. See Preamble.

cations with its military authorities in the Caspian, and when no longer necessary for such communication the Russian Government will without delay inform the Persian Government of the fact.

(L.S.) JEAN ZINOVIEW.
(L.S.) MIRZA SAÏD KHAN.

30 Sefer, 1298 (18th January, 1881).

.31st

CONVENTION between Persia and Russia, defining the Boundary between the two Countries East of the Caspian Sea (Akhal-Khorassan Boundary).—Signed at Tehran, 9th December, 1881.*†

Art.

11th
23rd

21st

[Ratifications exchanged at Tehran, 23 March, 1882.]

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

I. Frontier between Russia and Persia, east of the Caspian Sea.
II. Commissioners to be Appointed to Trace the Boundary in Detail.

III. Persia to Evacuate Forts of Giamab and Kulkulab, reserving right to Withdraw Inhabitants within Persian Territory. Russia not to Erect Fortifications, or to establish Turcoman Families within those localities.

IV. Persia not to interfere with Water Supply flowing to Akhal through Persian territory, nor to increase number of Villages or extent of Land now under cultivation along sources of the River Firuzé and other streams.

V. Commercial Intercourse between Akhal and Khorassan; Construction of Roads.

VI. Neither Russia nor Persia to allow Arms or War Material to be supplied to the Turcomans.

*From "State Papers," Vol. 72, page 97.

+ This Convention was laid before Parliament in 1882, with Correspondence respecting the Affairs of Central Asia, and formed an inclosure in the following despatch: :"Mr. Thomson to Earl Granville.-(Received 6th March.) "My Lord, Tehran, 23rd January, 1882. I have the honour to transmit_herewith, for your Lordship's information, translation of the Akhal-Khorassan Boundary Treaty, lately concluded between Russia and Persia, as reported in my telegram of the 4th January.

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"This translation has been made from the Russian text by Mr. Stephen. Comparing it with the Persian version, I observe that the terms employed in Article V are not the same in both languages. In the Russian text it is stated that both Governments engage, with a view to the development of commercial intercourse between the Trans-Caspian province and Khorassan, to come to a mutually advantageous agreement for the construction of waggon-roads between the above-mentioned provinces; whereas in the Persian version of this clause it is said that, in order to facilitate commercial operations between the Trans-Caspian provinces and that of Khorassan, the two Contracting Powers engage, as regards the construction of waggon-roads for the transport of merchandize between the aforesaid countries, to make such arrangements as may be of mutual advantage to

them.

"The Minister for Foreign Affairs has informed me that the Nasseer-edDowleh, who was formerly employed in the Persian Foreign Office, and lately in the Ministry of Justice, will be named Commissioner under Article II of this Convention for the local demarcation of the line of frontier, on the basis agreed upon in Article I. "I have, &c., "Earl Granville. "RONALD F. THOMSON."

MAP

OF

AKHAL-KHORAS SAN BOUNDARY

December 1881.

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