Torrent Control and Streambed Stabilization

according acting apron bank base basin bend body bottom built calculation capacity caused channel characteristics check dams clay coefficient concrete consist construction correction cover crest cross-section damage depending deposition depth dimensions discharge downstream earth effective erosion face Figure fixed flood flow forces formula foundations gabions given gives gravel gravity ground groynes head height horizontal increased involves kg/cm² lateral layer length less load masonry materials maximum measures mesh method nappe natural normally notch overflow particularly placed Plan plant possible pressure prevent protection reach reduce resistance result revetment rock sand sediment sides silt slope soil specific stability step stone storage stream structure taken thickness torrent control tractive force transport upstream usually values various vegetation vertical volume walls watershed weir width wire zone