Evolutionary Pathways in Nature: A Phylogenetic ApproachCambridge University Press, 4 mai 2006 Reconstructing phylogenetic trees from DNA sequences has become a popular exercise in many branches of biology, and here the well-known geneticist John Avise explains why. Molecular phylogenies provide a genealogical backdrop for interpreting the evolutionary histories of many other types of biological traits (anatomical, behavioral, ecological, physiological, biochemical and even geographical). Guiding readers on a natural history tour along dozens of evolutionary pathways, the author describes how creatures ranging from microbes to elephants came to possess their current phenotypes. Essential reading for college students, professional biologists and anyone interested in natural history and biodiversity, this book is packed with fascinating examples of evolutionary puzzles from across the animal kingdom; how the toucan got its enormous bill, how reptiles grow back lost limbs and why Arctic fish don't freeze. |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
ancestral character ancestral condition assumed autapomorphy biological classifications Box A3 character state i.e. character state unique character-state changes character-state transitions cladistic cladogram co-vary common ancestor conclude that large-bodied conclude that wings correct for phylogenetic derived character descendant nodes dietary habits due to shared evolutionary change evolutionary convergence evolutionary history evolutionary model evolutionary transition example Figure A4 Hennig Hennigian principles high extinction risk homoplasy independent contrasts ingroup clades ingroup species ingroup was wing interior nodes internal nodes interpretation left-pass MacClade Maximum likelihood Maximum parsimony ML output molecular genetic data monophyletic group MP analysis null hypothesis organismal resemblance outgroup parsi patristic similarity PCM analyses phenotypic character phenotypic data phylogenetic tree phylogenetically related phylogeny recon Schluter shared ancestry sister species sister taxa six phylogenetic small-bodied species species are phylogenetically symplesiomorphy synapomorphy three ingroup trait values traits X tree branches values for traits values in sister versus whereas the MP wing absence wing presence