in one of the senses mentioned in the third chapter, and in by far the greater number of them can be used in no other.

Psalm xxxv. 3. Draw out also the spear, and stop the way against them that persecute me say unto my soul, I am thy salvation.

4. Let them be confounded and put to shame that seek after my soul: let them be turned back and brought to confusion that devise my hurt.

5. Let them be as chaff before the wind: and let the angel of the Lord chase them.

6. Let their way be dark and slippery and let the angel of the Lord persecute them.

7. For without cause have they hid for me their net in a pit, which without cause they have digged for my soul.

8. Let destruction come upon him at unawares; and let his net that he hath hid catch himself: into that very destruction let him fall.

9. And my soul shall be joyful in the Lord: it shall rejoice in his salvation.

10. All my bones shall say, Lord, who is like unto thee, which deliverest the poor from him that is too strong for him, yea, the poor and the needy from him that spoileth him?

11. False witnesses did rise up; they laid to my charge things that I knew not.

12. They rewarded me evil for good to the spoiling of my soul.

13. But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I humbled my soul with fasting; and my prayer returned into mine own bosom.

14. I behaved myself as though he had been my friend or brother: I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother.

15. But in mine adversity they rejoiced, and gathered themselves together: yea, the abjects gathered themselves together against me, and I knew it not; they did tear me, and ceased

not.

16. With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.

17. Lord, how long wilt thou look on? rescue my soul from their destructions, my darling from the lions.

Here, in ver. 3, "say unto my soul," means

evidently, assure me, make me understand; in ver. 4, 7, 17, "soul" is used for life; in ver. 9, 66 my soul shall be joyful," is equivalent to, I shall be joyful; and in ver. 12, " to the spoiling of my soul," may well be paraphrased by, to the wounding of my feelings.

Psalm xlii. 1. As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God.

2. My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God: when shall I come, and appear before God?

3. My tears have been my meat day and night, while they continually say unto me, Where is thy God?

4. When I remember these things, I pour out my soul in me: for I had gone with the multitude, I went with them to the house of God, with the voice of joy and praise, with a multitude that kept holy day.

5. Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted in me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him for the help of his countenance.

6. O my God, my soul is cast down within me therefore will I remember thee from the land of Jordan, and of the Hermonites, from the hill Mizar.

11. Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the health of my countenance, and my God.

Here in ver. 1, 2, "my soul panteth, thirsteth," means evidently no more than, I pant, I thirst; in ver. 4, 5, 6, and 11, the term "soul" is used to express the thoughts or powers of the mind.

Psalm cxliii. 3. For the enemy hath persecuted my soul; he hath smitten my life down to the ground; he hath made me to dwell in darkness, as those that have been long dead.

4. Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate.

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5. I remember the days of old; I meditate on all thy works; I muse on the work of thy hands.

6. I stretch forth my hands unto thee: my soul thirsteth after thee, as a thirsty land.

7. Hear me speedily, O Lord: my spirit faileth: hide not thy face from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit.

8. Cause me to hear thy loving-kindness in the morning; for in thee do I trust: cause me to know the way wherein I should walk; for I lift up my soul unto thee.

9. Deliver me, O Lord, from mine enemies: I flee unto thee to hide me.

10. Teach me to do thy will; for thou art my God: thy spirit is good; lead me into the land of uprightness.

11. Quicken me, O Lord, for thy name's sake: for thy righteousness' sake bring my soul out of trouble.

12. And of thy mercy cut off mine enemies, and destroy all them that afflict my soul: for I am thy servant.

Here, in ver. 3, 11, 12, “my soul" is again used instead of "I;" while in ver. 6 and 8, it seems to mean, my wishes, affections, or desires.

I by no means intend to assert, if the thinking principle in man can be proved to be immaterial, that, in the passages above cited, the word soul may not be used to denote such principle; all that I contend for is, that the words themselves afford no argument in favour of such immateriality, which, if it exist at all, must be proved from other parts of the Scriptures. That David, and the other authors of the Psalms, how much soever, from the passages which will be presently noticed, they may be thought to have had some faint idea of a resurrection of the body, had none whatever of a soul which should survive in a

state of consciousness distinct from it, will be manifest from the following citations* :

Psalm vi. 3. My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O Lord, how long?

4. Return, O Lord, deliver my soul: oh save me for thy mercies' sake.

5. For in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give thee thanks?

Psalm xlix. 6. They that trust in their wealth, and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches;

7. None of them can by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him:

8. (For the redemption of their soul is precious, and it ceaseth for ever.)

9. That he should still live for ever, and not see corruption. 10. For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others.

11. Their inward thought is, that their houses shall continue for ever, and their dwelling places to all generations; they call their lands after their own names.

12. Nevertheless man being in honour abideth not, he is like the beasts that perish.

13. This their way is their folly: yet their posterity approve their sayings.

14. Like sheep they are laid in the grave; death shall feed on them; and the upright shall have dominion over them in the morning; and their beauty shall consume in the grave from their dwelling.

15. But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave: for he shall receive me.

16. Be not thou afraid when one is made rich, when the glory of his house is increased;

* The following texts appear also to refer to the state of man after death, and to be corroborative of the others cited in the context.

17. For when he dieth he shall carry nothing away: his glory shall not descend after him.

18. Though while he lived he blessed his soul: and men will praise thee when thou doest well to thyself.

19. He shall go to the generation of his fathers; they shall never see light.

20. Man that is in honour, and understandeth not, is like the beasts that perish.

Psalm lxxxviii. 2. Let my prayer come before thee; incline thine ear unto my cry;

3. For my soul is full of troubles; and my life draweth nigh unto the grave.

4. I am counted with them that go down into the pit: I am as a man that hath no strength.

5. Free among the dead, like the slain that lie in the grave, whom thou rememberest no more: and they are cut off from thy hand.

6. Thou hast laid me in the lowest pit, in darkness, in the deeps.

7. Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou hast afflicted me with all thy waves.

8. Thou hast put away mine aquaintance far from me; thou hast made me an abomination unto them: I am shut up, and I cannot come forth.

9. Mine eye mourneth by reason of affliction: Lord, I have called daily upon thee, I have stretched out my hands unto thee. 10. Wilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and praise thee?

11. Shall thy loving kindness be declared in the grave? or thy faithfulnes in destruction?

12. Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?

Psalm cxv. 16. The heaven, even the heavens, are the Lord's but the earth hath he given to the children of men. 17. The dead praise not the Lord, neither any that go down

:

into silence.

Psalm cxlvi. 1. Praise ye the Lord. Praise the Lord, O my soul.

2. While I live will I praise the Lord; I will sing praises unto my God while I have any being.

3. Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help.

4. His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.