Old-time Makers of Medicine: The Story of the Students and Teachers of the Sciences Related to Medicine During the Middle AgesFordham University Press, 1911 - 446 pages The book "Old-Time Maker, Medicine" is a tremendous contribution to the history of pioneers, practice, and medical thought. James J. Walsh offers a comprehensive evaluation of exactly how medicine has evolved due to personal genius and the wider cultural, political, and intellectual current of the period. A more complete historical context specific to this work: Historical Context for "Old-Time Makers of Medicine" Ancient Foundations: Spiritual and religious views were strongly associated in ancient civilizations through medicine. Egyptians, Greeks, and the Mesopotamians combined divinity and health, assuming that diseases had been both natural functions in addition to divine punishments. The Greeks especially started emphasizing the significance of natural reasons for diseases. This marked a major advancement from blaming illnesses exclusively on the whims of god. Interplay of Civilizations: The Roman Empire had a huge expanse and absorbed and gathered medical knowledge from each one of the territories it conquered, including Greece. The outcome was a rich tapestry of practical yet profoundly Greek - rational medical thought. As Europe entered the Dark Ages post the fall of the Roman Empire, the torchbearers of medical and scientific knowledge had been the Islamic civilizations. They not only preserved Greek and Roman sources but also expanded on them, creating complete medical works. The Church and medieval Europe: Europe experienced upheavals and invasion throughout the early medieval period. The Church was a significant preserver of knowledge throughout turbulent times. The monasteries served as sites of repose and study for old texts. Universities appeared in Europe as stability resurfaced with time. The foundations for formal medical education were laid by these institutions while they routinely studied medicine. Renaissance - A Rebirth: Art, science, and thought experienced a rebirth throughout the Renaissance. A return to classical sources entails re - reading ancient Greek and Roman texts. This period also saw challenges to traditional thoughts. The universal acceptance of Galenic medicine was disputed and oftentimes denied, particularly with the growth of exact anatomical studies. Cultural and Intellectual Currents: Medicine wasn't restricted to managing ailments during these times. The society's wider intellectual currents were reflected in it. Each period had a taste which shaped medical thought, whether it had been the philosophical view of the Greeks, the pragmatic stance of the Romans, the scientific pursuits of the Islamic Golden Age or the humanistic tendencies of Renaissance. |
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... things . Genius , and even talent , has always been born out of the cities in which it did its work . It is easy to understand , then , the deca- dence of the intellectual life that took place as the Empire degenerated . For the sake of ...
... thing more than the preservation of the old authors out of the question . The torch of medical illumina- tion lighted at the great Greek fires passes from people to people , never quenched , though often burn- ing low because of ...
... thing is certain , that none of those who are not rightly treated escape the fatal effect . The first thing to do is to make the wound larger , the mouth of it being divided and dilated by the scalpel . Then every portion of it and the ...
... things medical , if he would have the whole of Galen abbreviated and the whole of Oribasius ex- tended , and the whole of Paulus ( of Ægina ) ampli- fied , if he would have all the special remedies of the 1 1 Foulis , London and ...
... thing , however , and so came to be called the philoso- pher . He is said altogether to have written and translated about two hundred works , of which twenty - two treat of medicine . He was a contem- porary of Honein Ben Ischak in the ...