mers; 32 laborers; 43 manufacturers; 187 mechanics; 185 women; 456 children,-total 1329; and more have been removed since that period.

Óne should think, Sir, that the above statement would be sufficient to deter any man from venturing to transport his family to America in the vain hope of bettering his condition: but I will now view the subject in another light, and suppose he is fortunate enough to meet with constant work immediately upon his arrival: he will then find a most lamentable falling off in the comfort which he has experienced in England and that which his income will permit him to enjoy in America. Those who are so depraved in their habits as to rest satisfied with the mere necessaries of life; to whom meat and bread, with a plentiful supply of deleterious spirits, New England rum and Irish whiskey, present the summum bonum of human happiness, may find it in America. But the honest, sober, industrious man, who wishes to see his family neat and clean, with decent clothing and desires to have the education of his children attended to, will find that his wages will go but a little way towards effecting these desirable purposes, so heavy are, the expenses of all the comforts, and even many of the necessaries of life in America. The article of firing, which is chiefly wood, costs as much as would support a little family in England; house-rent is dear; education is excessively high, as there are very few free schools for the poor, and clothes are very expensive, it being no uncommon thing to give from seven to nine pounds for a coat! These are facts, and whether they afford a stimulus to emigration or not I leave you, Sir, and your readers to determine.

For the master manufacturer there is little or no encouragement. So little support has been given to the attempts to establish manufactories, that many, after an ineffectual trial, have been compelled to dispose of their materials at less than half, and in many instances at not one-tenth of their original cost! and have mourned over the ruin of their hopes, whilst they execrated the men whose delusive statements had enticed them from their native country.

For the farmer, unless he can take over property enough to support him for several years, he stands no chance of success in America. He must be fortunate indeed to meet with land fit for occupation. Uncleared land may be procured in abundance; but it requires a fortune to render it productive, and whilst it is getting in a fit train for cultivation the farmer must be living upon that property which in England would have promoted his comforts, and secured his independence,

To the gentleman of fortune America offers no inducements. Little has been urged to induce him to quit the happy shores of England to vegetate in the woods of America,

To the soldier and sailor still less is the prospect of either encouragement or emolument. An endeavour to procure a further compensation for the officers and soldiers of the revolution, and also for those engaged in the late war, was lately negatived in Congress; and small is the pittance which the wounded veteran receives to compensate a life spent in active service,

But perhaps Mr. Editor, I shall be told that I have said nothing to contradict the assertion that the superior mildness of the government, and the consequent liberty of the people, give a charm to America which is wanted here, and render privations easy which have not arisen from oppression.

For my own part, Sir, I have no wish to enjoy even liberty unless. I can enjoy a pretty tolerable share of comfort with it. Our demagogues tell us that "liberty in a desert is preferable to slavery in a palace." But what says nature? I believe Jeffries the seaman could give a better solution to the question than Wooler or Cartwright. At all events I have no wish to have my liberty controlled by a mob. I would much rather submit to the wise and just regulations of a legitimate government. Mr. Cobbett tells us that his bookseller dare not print the first pamphlet he offered him on his arrival in Philadelphia until it was made a little more popular for fear of having his windows broken; and during my residence in America, an Englishman was tarred and feathered at Baltimore for expressing his opinion in favor of the government in terms far more moderate than those used by our demagogues here, in denouncing our own. If this be liberty let the Americans enjoy it! But I say "throw such liberty to the dogs; I'll none of it."

There is indeed one path, which while the present faction is dominant in America, will lead, if not to honour, probably to emolument. The traitor here will meet for a time with applause and approbation there ; and if to his treason he add a few more crimes of the like venial nature so much the better: to push his fortune he needs neither morality. nor religion; for it is a favorite saying of Mr. Jefferson, the late President," that whether a man believe in one God or twenty will neither break his leg nor pick his pocket." But alas! Sir, even these estimable characters, when they have answered the purpose of those who patronizë them, are in general turned adrift again to the world; so true is the adage that those "who love the treason yet despise the traitor.” If the above remarks, Sir, can be admitted in your widely circulated and highly useful paper, they may perhaps induce some individuals to reflect ere they consign themselves to inevitable ruin, to escape some temporary embarrassment,

BRITANNICUS.

SIR,

ILLUMINATI. --Continued from page 298.

To the Editor of the White Dwarf.

According to my promise I resume the subject of the baneful influence which may arise from Secret Societies. A far advanced Mason, L. A. Hoffmann, at Vienna, who in Germany is cmphatically called der Biedermann, (a word which cannot be adequately translated-l'homme de bien, the man of integrity, are terms which come nearest its signification; but it comprizes honesty, probity, patriotism, loyalty, and piety,) has published a book entituled-Hochstwichtige Erinnerungen, &c., in which he has disclosed many secret and dangerous machinations. Amongst others he gives the following important article:

"In the beginning of 1789, a manifesto was sent from the GRAND NATIONAL LODGE of Freemasons at Paris, signed by the Duke of Orleans, as Grand Master, addressed and sent to the Lodges in all respectable cities of Europe, exhorting them to unite for the support of the French Revolution, to gain it friends, defenders, and adherents ; and according to their opportunities, and the practicability of the thing, to kindle and propagate the spirit of revolution in all countries.". Hoffmann saw some of those manifestoes; they were not all worded alike, some being addressed to friends, of whose support they were al-' ready assured. A very important part of their contents were "an earnest exhortation to establish in every quarter, secret schools of political education, and schools for the public education of children, under the direction of proper well-principled masters; and offers of pecuniary assistance for this purpose, and for the encouragement of writers in favour of the revolution, and for indemnifying those patriotic booksellers who might suffer by their endeavours to suppress publications which have an opposite tendency."

In the Berlin Masonic Pocket-Book for 1802 to 1803, the following extract is given of a letter, written by Brother Fernolam in France, under the reign of Buonaparte :

"On opening the Jacobin Club, Free-masonry in France ceased to be a secret Society, and thenceforth acted in public under the name of that club. The Duke of Orleans, Grand Master of all French Freemasons, opened the doors of their lodges, admitted the profane, (their cant word for the uninitiated,) and declared-" that Masonry was not designed by the Supreme Architect for a closed Society; but since

* The brethren are told that the Lodge represents the world. (See Hutchinson's Spirit of Masonry, p. 46, and 218, fifth edition.) Pray did you ever inquire who is the Great Architect of that world, or as he is called in Pritchard's Masonry Dissected, the cunning contriver of the Masonic universe? My Masanic instructor had some shrewd doubts of his holiness. Without a metaphor the three degrees only are genuine which are patronized by the Grand Lodge of England. The first batch of higher degrees was hatched by Father La Chaise (who was at the bottom of all the plots to assassinate King William,) for the purpose of establishing Popery in England. To prevent those machinations, the Grand Lodge of England very properly published their Book of the Constitutions of the Free-masons, discountenancing all the higher degrees: yet they were introduced, and are now swarming,

violence, malice, and knavery had prevailed, since frankness had become a fault, discretion a virtue, and an union against ascendancy a matter of necessity, they had been obliged to withdraw into the Lodges, and confine themselves to concealment. From that time Masonry had for its object the education of man, and the emancipation of the oppressed human race from its burthens: but when the education of man was accomplished, when the oppressive burthen was removed by the abrogation of the feudal system, when the tyrant was crushed, when liberty and equality were proclaimed, Masonry came forward in public, all Frenchmen were Masons, brethren, and fellow-labourers in the temple of the human race, namely, a democratical republic founded on the rights of men." From that time the Lodges were transformed into Jacobin Clubs, and the Fellow-crafts' sign was the usual welcome when one citizen met another. It was, however, generally understood, that the two lower degrees only were promulgated, and that the time was not yet come for the Masters to publish the plans and drawings sketched by them of the edifice which it was intended to rear.

"An inner orient was formed, at the head of which was, and still continues, Brother SIEYES. Within this Inner Grand Lodge they gradually returned from their anti-monarchical principles and philosophical extravagances; and at present, the very same Masons, having come back by degrees to their original form, are the strongest supporters of the wise and blissful measures of that great man and Brother BUONAPARTE."

Thus far Brother Fernolam. And really the rapidity of such a change of principles is well worth attention. The most violent demagogues, who had vowed destruction to all crowned heads, became at once, without a single exception, and in all countries, the greatest advocates for, and the most servile tools, flatterers, slaves, and dustlickers of" that great man and Brother Buonaparte." It is only necessary to say that the servile parrots had received their cue in the Lodges, and the riddle is solved in a moment.

I remain, Sir, your sincerely,

F. A. W.

P.S.-My historical hints (in the former notes,) will, I think, astonish even the majority of Free-masons. How much greater would be their surprise if I were to publish the genuine authentic history of Free-masonry, with the rituals of the principal higher degrees! As I have entered into no obligation, discretion alone deters me, and with respect to the three genuine degrees, I think it will always prevent me. Let the brethren keep their hobby-horses, their playthings for grown children, as long as they remain uncorrupted in this country.

* Without a bible, swearing the candidate upon a sword instead of the gospel.-See le Régulateur du Maçon, issued by authority of the Grand Lodge of France in 1801.

PREVENTION OF FORGERY.

Our attention has been called to this very important national subject, by perusing in the daily papers an account of an ingenious method proposed by Mr. Tilloch, for the security of the public, and the general interests of Society. We have had an opportunity of appreciating the merit and the motives of this gentleman, of whom we cannot speak too highly for his humane invention. Want of room prevents our saying what we wish in the present number; but we shall feel it a duty to the public, to devote some part of our next number to this interesting topic.

TOUR THROUGH FRANCE.

Continued from page 256.

My companions in the diligence to Paris, were a gay French woman of Dieppe; an old Abbè; and an Englishman, who had resided in France from the beginning of the peace. Our conversation turned on politics. The old Abbe who acknowledged having enjoyed a comfortable pension during the time of his emigration in England, was very warm in his censures on the British nation; and the French woman with all the prejudice common to her country, was lavish in apostrophes on the banishment of the Emperor. I could observe that although the sentiments of the priest and the lady differed considerably as to the restoration of the Bourbons, they rivalled each other in that foolish fondness for glory, and that unjust hatred of the English, which is kept alive by the retrospect of their own misfortunes. My English fellow-traveller took little interest in the conversation, and only interfered once to deplore the national prejudices so prevalent on both sides of the water. The country through which we were passing, presented a cheerful picture of industry the land was in the highest cultivation; and the corn-fiields, and the vineyards. promised an abundant harvest. The sturdy peasants of Normandy whom we saw on our road were a striking contrast to the low mud-built hovels in which they resided; and on the whole there was nothing in the general appearance which bespoke poverty and misery. We were not more than five hours performing the journey, a distance of forty miles. This expedition in travelling is however by no means common in France; but the roads are so excellent from Dieppe to Rouen, and the horses so strong and steady paced, that the labour of drawing a large and weighty vehicle is less a matter of difficulty than a stranger would at first imagine. When I performed the journey from Dieppe to Paris, in the year 1802, I was not less than ten hours going to Rouen. The roads were then bad and the public conveyances, when contrasted with those now in use, resembled the broad wheeled waggons of this country. The