number with the subject of the verb to which it relates. (See p. 162.)

Nous sommes aimés, or aimées. We are loved.

Unipersonal verbs are conjugated according to the model. of the conjugation to which they belong. These verbs are used only in the third person singular (see p. 163). They take avoir in their compound tenses.

Many verbs are frequently used impersonally; they are conjugated with être in their compound tenses, as: Il est arrivé un accident. An accident has happened.

IMPORTANT REMARK.

The following formation of tenses should be studied very carefully, as it will enable the student to conjugate a large portion of all the verbs of the language, with but few difficulties to overcome. - It applies to all the regular verbs, and to a large number of irregular verbs.

PRIMITIVE AND DERIVATIVE TENSES.

Five of the simple tenses are called primitive, because they are used to form the other tenses.

All the other tenses of a verb are called derivative, because they are formed from the primitive tenses. The primitive tenses are:

1. The Present Infinitive. 2. The Present Participle. 3. The Past Participle. 4. The Present Indicative.

5. The Past Definite.

TERMINATIONS OF THE PRIMITIVE TENSES OF THE REGULAR VERBS.

N. B. The terminations we give below are those that belong to the greater number of the verbs of the language. For the present, the verbs we call regular, are those conjugated like donner, punir, concevoir, and rendre. (See farther on, the verbs aimer, finir, recevoir, and vendre.)

The Present Infinitive forms two tenses: the Future and the Conditional Present.

1. In the 1st and 2d conjugations it forms the Future by adding ai, as, a, ons ez, ont, to the terminations of the Infinitive:

2. It forms the Conditional by adding ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient, to the terminations of the Infinitive:

3. In the 3d conjugation it forms the Future by changing evoir into evrai, evras, evra, evrons, evrez, evront;* but more frequently by changing oir into rai, ras, ra, etc.

Third Conjugation.

Conc-evoir.
FUTURE.

Je conc-evrai,
Tu conc-evras,
Il conc-evra,

Nous conc-evrons,
Vous conc-evrez,

Ils conc-evront,

Mouv-oir.
FUTURE.

Je mouv-rai,

Tu mouv-ras,

I shall con- Il mouv-ra,

ceive, etc. Nous mouv-rons,

Vous mouv-rez,

Ils mouv-ront.

I shall move,

etc.

4. It forms the Conditional by changing evoir into evrais, evrais, evrait, evrions, evriez, evraient; * or oir into rais, rais, rait, etc.

5. In the 4th conjugation it forms the Future by changing re

* Only seven verbs of the third conjugation follow this rule; i. e., apercevoir, concevoir, décevoir, devoir, percevoir, recevoir, redevoir.

into rai, ras, ra, rons, rez, ront, and the Conditional by changing re into rais, rais, rait, rions, riez, raient.

SECOND PRIMITIVE TENSE: PRESENT PARTICIPLE.

The Present Participle forms two tenses and a half tense: the Imperfect Indicative, the Present Subjunctive, and the plural of the Present Indicative.*

1. It forms the Imperfect Indicative by changing ant, for the four conjugations, into ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient:

Though the Present Indicative is one of the primitive tenses, we will form its plural

in order to simplify the study of the Irregular Verbs.

2. It forms the Present Subjunctive by changing ant, for the first, second, and fourth conjugations, into e, es, e, ions, iez, ent; and for the third conjugation by changing evant into oive, oives, oive, evions, eviez, oivent:

3. It forms the plural of the Present Indicative by changing, for the first, second, and fourth conjugations, ant into ons, ez, ent; and for the third conjugation by changing evant into evons, evez, oivent: