The Physics of Liquid Crystals

alignment amplitude angle anisotropy boundary conditions Bragg reflection Chapter chem cholesteric cholesterol coefficients components continuum theory corresponds crystals d³r defined density dependence derived described dielectric dielectric constant director disclination disclination lines discussed domains easy axis effects elastic constants electric field equation equilibrium field H flow fluctuations fluid free energy free surface frequency Friedel function gives Helfrich helical axis instance isotropic K₁ K₂ layers Lett liquid Cryst magnetic field MBBA measured molecular molecules nematic phase normal observed obtained optical axis order parameter orientation Orsay parallel Phys pitch planar texture plane plates polarization properties refractive index relaxation rods rotation sample Saupe scattering shear shown in Fig slab smectic solution splay structure symmetry temperature tensor thickness threshold tilt torque transition twist typical unperturbed values velocity viscosity wall wave vector wavelength αβ дх