The Trade-Off Myth

acid-rain control American argued assumptions average benefits CAA amendments capital flight carbon carbon tax chapter clean technologies climate coal counties coal miners communities costs cyclical debate decline developing countries economic Economic Policy Institute economists effect employment impacts energy prices energy-efficiency environment environmental protection environmental regulation environmental spending estimates export fact federal firms forecasts Forest Plan global warming Goodstein greenhouse gas control greenhouse gas emissions harvest important income increase industry input-output input-output models investment job growth job losses jobs-environment trade-off JTPA Kyoto labor labor-intensive Laitner layoffs less macromodeling manufacturing Maquiladora ment million nationwide Northwest Oregon percent plants pollution havens pollution-control pollution-haven predictions production recession recycling region result retraining ronmental secondary multiplier sectors Senate shift ShoreBank shutdowns spotted owl structural unemployment timber workers tion trade treaty unem unemployment rates United wages Washington WEFA West Virginia