they be? 8. Will they have ? 9. Would they be? 10. Would they have? 11. Shall we be? 12. Shall we have? 13. Should we be? 14. Should we have? 15. You would be very happy, if your brother were here. 16. He would always be with you. 17. They should have more prizes, if they were more industrious. 18. These ribbons would be prettier, if they were red. 19. That silk would be prettier, if it were black. 20. If that water were cold, it would be better. 21. Will you be glad when you have received that money? 22. Would you be glad, if you had received that money? 23. I should have gone to your house, if I had not been ill. 24. If I had not had any money, I should have been very unhappy. 25. They (f) would have bought some lace and some silk, if they had received more money. 26. My little sister would have lost her thimble, if my brother had not been in the chamber.

should I not have? n'aurais-je pas? should I not be? ne serais-je pas?

1 Bien is more emphatic than très; it is generally used with some feel

ing of admiration, surprise, desire, envy, etc.

1. N'auriez-vous pas été bien chagrin si vous n'étiez pas venu avec moi? 2. J'aurais été très malheureux si vous étiez parti sans moi. 3. Nous étions allés à l'opéra, et la bonne était sortie. 4. Ne seraient-ils pas plus laborieux si leur père était ici? 5. Si vous aviez mis moins d'exemples dans vos règles, ne seraient-elles pas beaucoup plus simples? 6. Si vous étiez parti ce matin, vous seriez arrivé maintenant. 7. N'aurions-nous pas eu de réponse à notre lettre si nous avions écrit à votre père? 8. Seriez-vous resté ici sans moi? 9. N'auraientils pas été malades s'ils avaient mangé ces mauvaises poires? 10. N'auraient-elles pas été très chagrines si elles avaient perdu leurs exercices? 11. S'ils étaient partis à trois heures, ils ne seraient pas encore arrivés maintenant, mais ils seraient bien près de la ville. 12. Ne serais-je pas bien malheureux si vous n'étiez pas avec moi? 13. S'il était allé dans votre chambre, n'aurait-il rien trouvé ?

1. You would not have; you would not have had. 2. You would not have been. 3. She would not have. 4. She would not have had; she would not have been. 5. They would not be; they would not have been. 6. They would not have had. 7. I should not be; I should not have been; I should not have had. 8. There is nothing; there was nothing. 9. There will be nothing; there would be nothing. 10. There is not; there was not. 11. There will not be; there would not be. 12. If you had been more diligent, your mother would not have been so sad. 13. These children would not be so unhappy, if they had not lost their mother. 14. If he had come a little later, he would not have found his father here. 15. If your brother had left three hours ago, would he not be at his house by this time? 16. I

would have gone to the opera, if you had come with me. 17. If you had gone into my room, you would have found nothing. 18. If there were not so many words in your rules, would they not be more simple and easy? 19. I would not have written my exercises, if my mother had come back to-day. 20. Should we not have found anybody, if we had gone to your house at half past nine? 21. No, sir, you would not have found anybody.

53.

(1) In questions, if the subject is a personal pronoun (je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils, elles), or one of the pronouns ce, on, it stands, as in English, after the verb:

Est-il chez nous ?
Est-elle chez elle?

Is he at our house?
Is she at home?

(2) If the subject is not one of these pronouns, it begins the sentence, and is repeated after the verb under the form of a pronoun:

Votre frère est-il heureux?

Ma mère est-elle venue?

La vôtre est-elle partie ?

Is your brother happy?

Has my mother come?
Is yours gone away?

(3) If the question begins in English with an interrogative adverb (why? where? when? how? etc.), the adverb is also placed first in French, and the rest of the sentence is constructed as above:

Pourquoi votre frère est-il si malheu

reux ?

Quand ma mère est-elle venue?

A quelle heure la vôtre est-elle partie?

Why is your brother so un-
happy?

When has my mother come?
At what o'clock did yours go

away?

(4) When the third person singular ends with a vowel, it is followed by a euphonic t before il, elle, on,

to prevent an hiatus:

A-t-il perdu son livre?

A-t-elle vu son père?

Sera-t-on aimable avec vous ? y a-t-il ? is there? are there? y avait-il? was or were there?

maintenant que,

la semaine prochaine,

le mois prochain,

à la campagne,
fini,

Has he lost his book?

Has she seen her father?
Will they be amiable towards you?

n'y a-t-il pas ? is or are there not?
n'y avait-il pas ? was or were there not?
now that or simply now.
next week.

next month.

in the country.

ended, finished.

1. Votre cousin a-t-il reçu une réponse à sa lettre ? 2. Votre cousine n'a-t-elle pas encore reçu de réponse à sa lettre ? 3. Vos sœurs ne sont-elles pas bien aises maintenant qu'elles ont fini leur travail ? 4. Votre mère n'a-t-elle pas perdu son porte-monnaie ? 5. Ce vélocipède n'est-il pas bien joli? 6. Votre frère n'avait-il pas pleuré quand nous sommes entrés chez vous ? 7. Ne serez-vous pas libre la semaine prochaine ? 8. N'aurezvous pas tout fini le mois prochain? 9. Pourquoi cette jeune personne est-elle si chagrine? 10. Où mon frère a-t-il caché mon porte-monnaie ? 11. Où vos amis ontils perdu leurs bagages? 12. Quand M. Herbulot est-il parti pour la campagne? 13. A quelle heure Ernest sera-t-il à la station? 14. Combien votre oncle a-t-il vendu cette maison? 15. N'y a-t-il rien dans ce tiroir ?

1. Is there ? Is there not? 2. Was there? Was there not? 3. Will there be? Will there not be? 4. Would there be ? Would there not be? 5. Is there never? Was there never? 6. Will there never be?

Would there never be? 7. Is there no more? Was there no more? 8. Will there no longer be? Would there no longer be? 9. Is there nobody? Was there nobody? 10. Will there be nobody? Would there be nobody? 11. Is your sister ill? 12. Are your brothers diligent? 13. Is this novel interesting? 14. Has not your mother lost her bracelets? 15. Have your parents a house in the country? 16. Which of his books has your brother lost? 17. Where has my cousin hidden my ear-rings? 18. In what box has Henry put my gloves? 19. When will Miss Louisa be in London? 20. At what o'clock will Therese have finished her exercise? 21. When did your father buy this wood?

54..

Exceptions to the formation of the feminine of
Adjectives.

We have seen (§ 2) that to form the feminine of adjectives, an e mute is added to the masculine: vrai, true, vraie; appliqué, diligent, appliquée; secret, secret, secrète.1

EXCEPTIONS.

Adjectives ending with e mute in the masculine are the same in the feminine.

Adjectives ending in -el, -en, -on, -et, double the last consonant, and take an e mute after it: cruel, cruel, cruelle; ancien, old, ancienne; bon, good, bonne; sujet, subject, sujette. But secret, complet, and five others in -et form their feminine regularly.

1 Observe that if the adjective ends in the masculine with a consonant preceded by an e mute, the latter takes a grave accent in the feminine : complet, complète; premier, première; cher, chère.