GARLICK HILL. This locality derives its name from the Garlic market, being originally in the vicinity. HATTON GARDEN, This locality derives its name from the Lord Hatton's residence being built on the Gardens of Ely House. These gardens, according to Holinshead, were famed for producing strawberries, and he says, that Richard the Third, at the council held at the Tower, the morning he put Hastings to death, sent to request a dish of them. HOUNSDITCH. Into it Hounsditch was formerly a filthy ditch, into which was thrown dead dogs and all manner of filth-hence its present name. was thrown a worthy of no better sepulture, Edric, the murderer of his master, Edmund Ironside, after having been drawn by his heels from Baynard's Castle, and tormented to death by flaming torches. HERMITAGE. So called, from an Hermitage that stood here, belonging to the Collegiate Church of St. Katherine. HOLBORN. Holborn, originally called Old-bourne, from its standing on a brook. A bourne signifies a brook, and is a common termination of English towns and streets. This street was the first in London that was paved; this was in the year 1417, by order of Henry the Fourth. HUNGERFORD STAIRS, MARKET, &c. Hungerford Stairs, &c. so called from the Earls of Hungerford, having a palace near to the river Thames. Formerly there was a series of palaces in a line with the Strand; commencing with the Earl of Northumberland's, and terminating with that of the Earl of Essex, in Essex Street. HOLYWELL STREET. Holy Well Street, or, as it is called, Holywell Street, in the Strand, derives its name from a well, in a baker's yard, and which was denominated Holy Well from the miraculous cures that it wrought. HYDE PARK. So called from Hyde, Lord Clarendon, whose daughter married James, Duke of York, afterwards James the Second; from which circumstance the said park became crown property.-The following historical anecdote will not be misplaced: 66 'During the troubles in the reign of Charles 1st, a country girl came to London in search of a place, but not succeeding, she applied to be allowed to carry out beer from a brewhouse; these women were then called Tub Women, and carried out beer from the brewhouse, as the pot boy does from the publican's now. The publican observing her to be a very good looking, clean, industrion girl, took her out of this low situation into his house, and afterward married her. He died, however, while she was yet a very youn woman, and left her a large fortune. She was recommended o giving up the brewery, to Mr. Hyde, a most able lawyer, to settle her husband's affairs; he, in process of time, married the widow, and was made Earl of Clarendon; of this marriage there was a daughter, who was afterwards married to the Duke of York, who, at the demise of Charles 2d, succeeded to the crown as James 2d. By this marriage there was two daughters, Mary and Anne, both afterwards Queens of England. The one married the Prince of Orange, afterwards William the Third, and the other, Prince George of Denmark. HACKNEY. This village was anciently celebrated for the numerous seats of the nobility and gentry, which occasioned, says Maitland, a mighty resort thither, of persons of all conditions from the city of London; whereby, so great a number of horses were hired in the city on that account, that they were called Hackney, or Hack horses, and from the number of them employed to go to this neighbourhood, in process of time gave a name to this locality. HORSLEYDOWN. Many derivations are traced to, or take their name from, the merry reign of Charles 2d. It was one of his amours which gave rise, it is said, to the cognomen of Horsleydown. Below Rederiffe lived a miller, who had a pretty wife, and whom, when the miller was absent, our amorous monarch, disguised as a student at law, was wont to wanton with. On one occasion, however, the miller came unawares upon them, when his majesty with some little difficulty made his escape, and mounting his horse, which with an attendant was at a little distance, fled as fast as "Tam O'Shanter!" He had not proceeded far, however, before his Horse fell down, when the miller coming up, gave his incog. majesty a good drubbing, and which circumstance, it is added, gave that locality the name of Horsleydown. Another writer says "The tale of Charles and the miller is a very pleasant one," but adds, "it is more probable the site of this parish was anciently a grazing ground, and therefore denominated Horse-down, now corruptly Horseleydown. ISLINGTON. This village, it is said, derives its name from two Saxon appellations, viz.-Gisel, an hostage or pledge, and dun or tun, a town. ISLE OF DOGS. Stowe says this place derives its name from the King's hounds formerly being kept here, where were the royal kennels. It was originally called Poplar Marsh. JEWIN STREET. This street derives its name from the first Jewish cemetry being here; and the only one, says Maitland, for the sepulture of that nation from all parts of England, till the year 1777, when by an indefatigable application to parliament, it was enacted that they should have burial grounds in any part where they resided. KNIGHT RIDER STREET. This street is thus named, in consequence of it being the road by which the Knights passed to the tournaments and justings, which were held at Baynard's Castle, in the reign of King John. LITTLE BRITAIN. The street thus denominated was once the residence (or at least on the site thereof) of divers of the nobility, and was then called Bretagne Street, from the mansion of the Duke of Bretagne (in France) being there situated. LAMB'S CONDUIT STREET. This term is derived from the Conduit erected there, by William Lambe, one of the gentlemen to the chapel of Henry the Eighth. LEADENHALL STREET. This street derives its name from Leadenall, which stood on the site of the skin market, and which was built in 1455. In former times more Lead was used than now, and this was the place where the Lead Merchants assembled. It was first called Lead-hall, and ultimately Leaden-hall; there was also a convent of White-friars here, "The monks of Leadenhall were chanting vespers." LUDGATE STREET. "This street," says an ingenious writer, "derives its name from Lud, son of Bilenus, king of Britain." Maitland, however, says— "this gate is denominated Fludgate, from a rivulet below it, where Fleet ditch now is. I am apt to think, however, it should rather be Fleet-gate, from the Saxon flod, vloet, Fleote, or Fleet, which imply a small navigable water course, such as the Fleet rivulet has probably been from the original London." LONDON WALL. London Wall explains its own etymology. Within these few years, there was a long tract of the old wall of London standing in the locality now so named. LONG-ACRE. This street was originally a piece of ground called Seven Acres, from whence came the present name. LAWRENCE POULTNEY LANE. This lane which runs from East Cheap to Thames Street, derives its name from the adjacent church, which is dedicated to St. Lawrence, and Sir John Pulteney, who founded a college here. LOTHBURY. This is a corruption from Cloth Bury, i. e. Cloth Hall, which was here before Sir Ralph Blackwell founded Blackwell-hall, which then became the market for woollen cloth. LOMBARD STREET. This street is so named from the Lombards, who inhabited that part of Italy, called Lombardy, being a class of people who first introduced the Banking System into England. This street was principally inhabited by goldsmiths, who, down to the reign of James the Second, were the only bankers in this country. LIMEHOUSE. This place, which is one of the Tower Hamlets, derives the appellation of Limehouse from Lime-hurst, which by its Saxon termination, implies a grove of Lime Trees, which, according to Stowe, abounded in this neighbourhood. LAMBETH. Lambeth is variously written-Lamb-hyde, Lam-hyte, &c viz. a dirty station; from the circumstance of its being overflowed by the Thames. MONMOUTH STREET. This celebrated Wardrobe derives its appellation from the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth, who had a house in Monmouth, now Soho Square. MINORIES. Minories is derived from certain poor ladies of the order of St. Clair, or Minoresses, who were invited into England by Blanche, Queen of Navarre (wife to Edmund, Earl of Lancaster), who in 1293 founded here a convent for their reception. MONKWELL STREET. On the site of Barber's Hall, or thereabouts, formerly stood a monastery of the Carthusian order, dedicated to St Giles, the patron of cripples. Here was a Well, which was said to possess "sovereign virtue," and which, the gullibility of the faithful and afflicted, induced them to flock to daily. This Well being under the special protection of the monks, it was in time denominated the Monk's Well, which circumstance ultimately gave a name to the street, now called Monkwell Street. MILK STREET. We have now our Milk Companies, with their Lactometer, who "Can tell by signs and tangents straight If cheese or butter wanted weight, And by a geometric scale, Can take the size of pots of ale." We had formerly our milk, honey, egg, and bread market. The three former were one market, and gave a name and locality to what is now called Milk Street, Honey Lane Market, &c. Every necessary of life, in former times, was obliged to be sold in open market; Cheapside was the principal market in the city. Milk Street is famed as the birth-place of Sir Thomas More. MOOR FIELDS. So called, from a mere, muir, or lake, which formerly stood here, and on which, says Fitzstephens, "the citizens amused themselves, when it was frozen over, by tying bones to theyr feet and skaiting on the same, thys," he adds, was manly sporte." * See Cripplegate. MAZE, BOROUGH. "Labyrinth is my name, some do call me maze, I care not what I'm call'd, if I do you but please; My ways they are perplex'd, they are both straight and round, By perseverance only, they are easy to be found." This locality in the borough of Southwark, derives its name from the abbot of Battle having a very extensive labyrinth or maze in his garden here, and which gave to this particular spot its present appellation. MARK LANE. At the north-east corner of Mark Lane, was anciently situate the manour house, says Maitland, of Blanch Appleton, which, in the reign of Richard the Second, belonged to Sir Thomas Roos, of Hamelake, which manour had a privilege of holding a mart, or fair, whence the adjacent lane was denominated Mart Lane, but now corrupted to Mark Lane. ST. MARY AXE. This street was originally called St. Mary's Street. It took its present appellation from a sign opposite to St. Andrew Undershaft, (church) of St. Mary at the Axe, being a representation of this female saint at the scaffold. MARY-LE-BONE. The modern name of this locality is a perversion: it was originally written Mary-le-bourne, or Mary on the Brook, which still runs from Hampstead across the North Road, through Alsop's Buildings, although now, it is of course, arched over. It may be stated, however, that in the time of Elizabeth, it was called Marybone, and is so designated by lady Mary Montague, (a century later) in the following line: "And dukes at Marybone bowl time away." MINT, BOROUGH. Opposite to the west end of St. George's Church, in the Borough, anciently stood a magnificent structure, belonging to the duke of Suffolk, which coming to Henry 8th, he converted it into a Mint, and which gave the present locality its name. MILLBANK. Simply from a Mill that stood on the Thames bank here. THE MEWS, As at Charing Cross, is a name derived by Du Freane, in his Glossary, from the Latin muta, and French La Meue, the disease to which hawks are subject, of yearly muting or changing their feathers, this being the place where the king's hawks were kept before it was converted into stables. Muta, he says, is also the building, in which falcons are shut up when they mute or change their feathers. Edward 2d, in his 13th year, granted to John de la Beche, the custody of the king's houses, "de mutis" at Charrying, near Westminster. Ralph de Manners, the king's falconer, had, in the like manner, granted to him the custody of the King's Mews at Charinge, the 23d of Edward 3d; as also, Sir Simon de Burley, 1st |