DONT. 8. Dont, which may relate to persons and to things, is used instead of duquel, de laquelle, desquels, which can never be used immediately after the substantive to which they relate. Les livres DONT vous parlez; Ces dames DONT vous connaissez les aimables qualités ; the books of which you speak. those ladies, whose amiable qualities you know. αυοι, ού, Δ' ού, ΡAR ού. 9. Quoi, meaning the thing which, can of course never be used when speaking of persons, and is always preceded by a preposition. Ex. Dites-moi A QUOI vous pensez ; Je ne sais DE QUOI vous vous plaignez : tell me what you are thinking of. I do not know of what you complain. 10. Où, d'où, par où, which signify where, in which, to which, from which, through which, always relate to inanimate objects. Ex. Voilà la maison où il est né; this is the house in which he was born. Dans les villes PAR Où vous in the cities through which avez passé; you came. QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION ON THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS. What are relative pronouns ? How many are there in French? When is qui used, and when que? Which of these two pronouns is used as the subject, or nominative, and which as the object, or accusative, of the verb? Can the relative pronoun be omitted in French? When should lequel be used instead of qui? In what sense are où, d'où, and par où used? EXERCISES ON THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 1. EXERCISE ON RULES 1—4, p. 74. I know a man who (is to go) and see the camp.—I have doit aller 60 connais camp, m. read the letter you have sent me. The lady of whom lu envoyée dame personne, f. you speak is not handsome.-The person to whom I parlez wrote last year has answered me this morning.-He écrivis passée l'année1, f. répondu matin, m. Celui who was with you related to me (every thing) that had tout ce qui s'était passed. She will not hear of the lady whom he passé. veut entendre parler était a raconté (is going) to marry.-Who was with you ? It was a gen να épouser. était avec Ce mon tleman whose name I know not*.-The man whom I caresse sent to you was honest.-The man who caresses and ai envoyé flatters us is the most dangerous being I know. The letflatte plus (32-3) étre que je connaisse. ters which you have written and shown me were tolerably passablement well written.-The woman to whom I have lent so much money, and spoken so often, is dead.- Servants parlé are men mort. Domestiques Turn the sentence thus: OF WHOM I know not THE name. II. EXERCISE ON RULES 5-7, p. 74 and 75. A sovereign who fears God, who respects his laws, and Le craint causes them (to be) respected; who, an enemy lois, to war, de la guerre, loves peace and maintains it in his dominions; who always has the good of his people at heart, should, if possible, bien, m. son peuple à cœur, devrait, s'il était possible, be immortal.-God, who has created us, who (every day) immortel. tous les jours grants us new benefits, commands us to love him.-The accorde (16-2) bienfait, m. commande trade commerce, m. créés to which you apply, de and the profession vous vous appliquez, profession, f. (Is that) Est-ce là to which he is devoted, are very honourable. Lying is a vice for which young people ought to have gens doivent Mensonge, m. the greatest horror.—The table upon which you write is horreur, f. table, f. system are satisfactory.-Charity, the exercise (of which) systéme, m. pratique2, f. dont1 is so often commanded in the Holy Scriptures, is one of the recommandé noblest virtues. Ecriture, III. EXERCISE ON RULES 8-10, p. 76. The child of which you (are speaking) is my youngest son. parlez -The sacred religion of which you (so boldly) saint religion, f. attack si hardiment attaquez the principles, has been sealed (by the) blood of its divine principe α été scellée du founder. Do you know of what your sister complains? fondateur. se plaint -Could you tell me of what he is guilty?-(There is) Pourriez coupable? Il n'y a nothing for which he is not fit. -The town to which he is à quoi ne soit propre. dire gone is precisely the same place through which we passed allé précisément méme place, f. par passames in (coming up) to London.-(This is) the door through There are five of these pronouns, which, as their name implies, serve to ask questions: they are qui, quoi, que, quel, and lequel. Qui, who and whom, is used only when speaking of per Que and quoi are used when speaking of things; and quoi is always preceded by a preposition. Ex. Que voulez-vous? De quoi parlez-vous? what do you want? what are you speaking of? Quel is always followed by the noun to which it relates, and with which it agrees in gender and number. Quels livres choisissez-vous? Ex. what books do you choose? Quelle personne voulez-vous what person do you mean? dire? Lequel is generally used to distinguish one out of several objects of the same nature, and agrees with it in gender and number. Ex. Laquelle de ces gravures pré- which of these engravings do férez-vous ? you prefer? EXERCISE ON THE INTERROGATIVE Whom should devez PRONOUNS. you choose for your bosom friend? choisir Ten de confiance2 ami1? Dix people are invited to dinner at your father's.-Who are personne invitées chez they?-Who was the first king of France? Pharamond, fut (according to) the opinion of the most respectable histosuivant rians *.-Who can give credit to a young man who does peut ajouter foi, f. not speak the truth?—Of whom (were you speaking) when dit verité, f. parlez-vous I came in ?-To whom did you lend my slate?—Whom do suis entré? avez prété ardoise, f. you seek?-Who told it to you?-From whom do you cherchez? a dit know it? What (are you doing) ?—What do you say? savez faites-vous 6 dites? What do you ask of me?-One of your cousins is arrived 6 demandez cousin, m. arrivé from the continent; which is it?-An aunt of yours † My brother writes to me that two of your sisters (are going) écrit to learn French; which are they? apprendre le Français; 6 *Turn, of the historians the most respectable. vont †Turn, one of your aunts. ‡ Turn, two of your horses. |