BASEL-BASIL very rich purple dye. The great fleshy root of B. tuberosa, a South American species, also with a twining stem, is edible. BA'SHAN, or BATANÆA, a country of Palestine, stretching from Mount Hermon in the Anti-Libanus on the north, to the brook of Jabbok on the south, and bounded on the west by the Jordan, its eastern limits not being very clearly defined. Ashtaroth and Edrei were its chief cities, and the residence of its kings during the Amoritish dynasty. The last of its Amorite rulers was Og, who with all his sons was killed by the Israelites under Moses, at the battle of Edrei; and the half tribe of Manassch settled in the land. The men of B. were remarkable for their stature, its pastures for their richness, and its sheep and oxen for their size and fatness. B. belonged to the tetrarchy of Philip, and afterwards to that of Agrippa II. BASHAW' (Turkish, basch; Arabic, basha ; Per opposition council at Ferrara, went so far as, on January 24, 1438, to decree his suspension from the functions of the popedom. His party, however, was so strong that this decree could not be carried into effect; and some of those who had been among the most influential members of the council, the Cardinal Legate Julian himself, and the greater number of the Italians, left B., and went over to his side. All the more resolutely did Cardinal Louis Allemand, Archbishop of Arles, a man of most superior understanding, courage, and eloquence, now guide the proceedings of the council, which, on May 16, 1439, declared the pope a heretic, for his obstinate disobedience to its decrees; and in the following session, formally deposed him for simony, perjury, and other offences. On this occasion, the holy relics which were in B. were deposited in the places from which the Spanish and Italian members of the council had disappeared; and the sight of them produced much emotion, and reanimated the courage of the assembly, still consisting of 400 prelates, priests, and sian, pasha, the way in which the word is now doctors, mostly French and German. On November commonly written) signifies head, or master, a 17, 1439, the council, notwithstanding the still fur- Turkish title of honour given to viceroys, prother diminution of its numbers, caused by the vincial governors, generals, and other distinguished plague in B., elected Duke Amadeus of Savoy to be public men. The term B. is also used to charpope, who then lived as a hermit in Ripaglia, on the acterise a man of an arrogant and domineering disLake of Geneva. He accordingly styled himself position. Felix V., but was recognised only by a few princes, BASHEE or BASHI' ISLANDS, a small cluster cities, and universities. The Emperor Sigismund in the line between Luzon, the chief of the Philipwas dead, and even France and Germany, although pine chain, and Formosa, the lat. and long. being they accepted the reforming decrees of the council, respectively 21° N. and 122° E. Politically, they thought proper to remain neutral in the question are a dependency of the Philippines, having been regarding the popedom. The friendship of the colonised by the Spaniards in 1783. Physically, Emperor Frederick III. strengthened the party of they form a link in the vast archipelago which, Eugenius; and the council gradually melted away, from Formosa to Sumatra inclusive, connects the till careful only for personal security, its members, south-east of China with the west of Malacca. after three years of inactivity, held its last session They were discovered in 1687 by Dampier, who at B. on May 16, 1443, and removed its seat to called them the Bashi Islands, on account of the Lausanne. Here a few prelates still remained popularity among the islanders of an intoxicating together under the presidency of Cardinal Allemand, liquor of that name. Pop. about 8000. till in 1449, after the death of Eugenius, and the resignation of the anti-pope Felix, an amnesty was offered to them by the new pope, Nicholas V., which they joyfully accepted. The B. reforming decrees are contained in no Roman Catholic collection of decrees of councils, and are held to be invalid by the canonists of Rome; yet they are of authority in canon law in France and Germany, where they were included in pragmatic sanctions, although their application has been modified by more recent concordats. BA'SEL, TREATY OF. Basel gives its name to two important treaties of peace, concluded there on 5th April and 22d July 1795, between the represent atives of the French Republic, Prussia, and Spain, by which Prussia withdrew from the coalition against France, took under her protection all the states of Northern Germany which should, like herself, relinquish the war in which the German empire was engaged, and also gave up to the victorious republic her possessions beyond the Rhine; whilst Spain gave up her portion of St Domingo, and prepared the way for that alliance with France which was afterwards productive of consequences so important. BASELLA, a genus of plants, generally regarded as belonging to the natural order Chenopodiacea (q. v.), but by some botanists as the type of a distinct order, Basellaceae. The species are all tropical. B. alba and B. rubra are known in Britain as stove biennials. They are plants with twining stems, in common use as pot-herbs in the East Indies, and cultivated in China. In the neigh bourhood of Paris, they are raised on hot-beds, transplanted into warm borders, and furnish a substitute for spinach in summer. B. rubra yields a BASHI-BAZOU'KS are irregular troopers in the pay of the Sultan. Very few of them are Europeans; they are mostly Asiatics, from some or other of the pashalics in Asiatic Turkey. They are wild turbulent men, ready to enter the Sultan's service under some leader whom they can understand, and still more ready to plunder whenever an opportunity offers. During the Russo-Turkish war of 1854, &c., they had many encounters with the enemy in that kind of irregular warfare which the Russians intrust to Cossack horsemen; but the peaceful villagers had almost as much distrust of the B.-B. as of the Russians. When the British government resolved, in 1855, to take into pay a Turkish contingent, to aid in the operations of the war, a corps of B.-B. was put in charge of an Indian officer, but the task of reducing them to discipline was not completed when the war ended. Their ferocity was exhibited in the Servian war, but most relentlessly in the massacre of Batak, where, in May 1876, under Achmet Agha, they slew over 1000 defenceless Bulgarians in a church in which they sought refuge. BASIDO'H, or BASSADO'RE, the principal station for British ships in the Persian Gulf, situated at the west end of the island of Kishm. BASIENTO, or BASE'NTO, a river of Italy, which, rising in the Apennines, west of Potenza, flows in an east-south-east direction through the province of Basilicata to the Gulf of Taranto, which it enters 25 miles west-south-west of Taranto city. Near its mouth are the remains of the once famous city of Metapontum, where Pythagoras died. BA'SIL, surnamed THE GREAT, and called St B., one of the most eminent and eloquent of the Greek Fathers, was born about 329 at Caesarea, in BASIL I.-BASILICA. Cappadocia; studied under the heathen philosophers of being a palliative of the pains of childbirth.at Athens, and became an advocate in his native Busи B. (Ổ. minimum), also a native of the East city, but afterwards founded a monastic society; was ordained a presbyter in 362; and succeeded Eusebius as Bishop of Cæsarea in 370, in which office he continued till his death in 379. He resolutely resisted invitations to the court of Julian the Apostate, with whom he had contracted an intimacy as a fellowstudent at Athens, and displayed great constancy when the Emperor Valens began to persecute him, on account of his opposition to Arianism. He was engaged in most of the controversies of his time, but conducted controversy in a peaceful and generous manner. His rules of monastic life are still followed in the Greek and other oriental churches, in which he is highly honoured as one of the greatest of saints. In the Roman Catholic Church, also, they are followed in a few convents, styled of the order of Basilians. The influence of B. was greatly felt in the promotion of monasticism throughout the West as well as the East, and to him is ascribed the introduction of the three universal monastic vows of obedience, chastity, and poverty. The best editions of his works are that of the Benedictines (3 vols., Par. 1721-1730, fol.), and that of the brothers Gaume (3 vols., Par. 1835-1840, 8vo); but the authenticity of many of the moral and ascetic pieces is doubtful. His anniversary is celebrated, in the Greek Church, on the 1st of January -the day of his death; in the Latin Church, on the 14th of June-the day of his ordination. BA'SIL I., the Macedonian, Emperor of the East, was born in a village of Macedonia, in 813 A. D., or, according to others, in 826. His early life is differently related, but his biographers agree that he came to Constantinople when still a young man, and was appointed chamberlain to the Emperor Michael in 861. Subsequently, the emperor made him his colleague in the sovereignty. B. now used his influence to restrain Michael from committing those excesses which rendered him hateful to the people; but when he found his remonstrances unavailing, he headed a conspiracy against him, the result of which was the assassination of the emperor in 867. His first care was to heal the wounds both of the church and the state. He replaced Ignatius upon the patriarchal throne, and dismissed Photius, whom, however, he re-established in his authority the year after. His valour made him the terror of the Saracens, from whom he reconquered Asia Minor. The prodigality of Michael had exhausted the public treasury; by a wise economy, B. refilled it. All extortioners, moreover, were sought out and punished. The profligate companions of the late monarch were condemned to disgorge one half of the largesses which Michael had showered upon them. B. also entered into a treaty of alliance with the Russians of Kiew, to whom he sent missionaries to preach the gospel, and who, from that time, began to embrace Christianity, and acknowledge the authority of the Greek Church. He died in 886, from wounds which he received while hunting a stag. Several letters of his are still extant, besides a book full of wise advice addressed to his son. BA'SIL (O'cymum), a genus of plants of the natural order Labiata (q. v.). The species are all natives of the tropics, or of the warmer temperate parts of the world, and are generally characterised by a pleasant aromatic smell and taste. They are reckoned among sweet herbs.-SWEET B. (0. Basilicum) is an annual plant, a native of the East Indies, about one foot high, with ovate or oblong leaves, and flowers in whorls of six, which has long been cultivated in Europe for culinary purposes, being used as a seasoning. It has also enjoyed the reputation Basil (Ocymum Basilicum). Indies, is cultivated for the same purposes, and possesses the same qualities. It is a plant about six inches high, with an orbicular bushy head. In Britain, the seed of both species, obtained from the south of Europe, is generally sown on a hot-bed, from which the plants are afterwards removed to the open ground.-A native British plant of the same order (Clinopodium vulgare) bears the name of WILD B., and another (Acinos vulgaris, for merly Thymus Acinos) is known as B. THYME. Both are fragrant and aromatic.-B. Vinegar is made in the same manner as Mint Vinegar, by steeping the leaves in vinegar. It is used for seasoning, in winter, when the fresh plant cannot be obtained. BASILICA, a code of laws of the Grecian empire, the compilation of which was begun in the reign of the Emperor Basil I., the Macedonian, who died in 886-from whom it is generally supposed to have derived its name; completed by his son Leo, the Philosopher; and revised, in 945, by order of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, the son of Leo. There is some doubt whether the work has come down to us as completed by Leo, or as revised by Constantine, and unfortunately we do not possess the whole of the sixty books of which it originally consisted. It was very much an adaptation of the code of Justinian to altered circumstances, and is of great value for the interpretation of the Corpus Juris. The principal editions are that of Fabrott (7 vols. fol., Par. 1647), and the recent one of Heimbach (vols. 1-5, Leip. 1833-1850), which includes portions discovered since Fabrott's time. The B. has been the subject of many commentaries. BASILICA (Gr. Basilike, from Basileus, a king). Originally, the B. seems to have been the hall or court-room in which the king administered the laws made by himself and the chiefs who formed his council. When monarchy was abolished_at Athens, the second of the magistrates who succeeded to the kingly power was called the Archon-basileus, Section of Trajan's Basilica, Rome. every provincial town, even those of small extent, | The gallery was the place to which loiterers usually had each its B., as that of Pompeii, which is now resorted for the purpose of watching the business the most perfect example, still testifies. The most frequented part of the city was always selected for the site of a B.; and as this was almost always the Forum, the words Forum and B. are occasionally used as synonymous by ancient writers. The earliest basilicas were entirely open to the external air. It was usual, for this reason, as well as for the convenience of those who might be compelled to frequent them in bad weather, to select for them a sheltered and convenient position. Latterly, an external wall was substituted for the peristyle of columns with which the original basilicas were surrounded; the external columns, if continued at all, being used only as a decoration, and confined generally to the vestibule. It was in this form that the B. suggested the idea of the Christian Church, as has already been explained under Apse (q. v.); and the readiest mode of explaining the structure of the B. to a modern, is to imagine the process which was then performed reversed, and in place of converting the B. into a church, to convert the church into a basilica. This will be effected by simply removing the roof from the nave, the aisles remaining covered, and even being frequently furnished with galleries, as in Protestant churches. The judge's seat was generally in a circular portion of the building which protruded from its further end, in which the altar was afterwards placed (see APSE), the great entrance to the B. fronting it, as the western door of a cathedral fronts the high-altar. The space required by the prætor for his court was separated by a railing from the other portions of the building, which were devoted to the various purposes we have mentioned. It must not be supposed from this description, that Somethe form of the B. was always the same. times there was no hemicycle or apse, as in the B. at Pompeii, in which case the tribunal was cut off from the nave; sometimes there were two, as in the B. of Trajan. Again, the B. was sometimes entered, not from the end, but from the sides, where the transepts of a modern church are situated; and at the end opposite that in which the tribunal was placed, there was often a row of small chambers, the uses of which do not seem to be very accurately ascertained, and probably were not invariable. In the plan of the B. of Pompeii, there was an outside stair which led to the upper gallery, which in this case passed entirely round the building. Ground-plan of Basilica of St Paul, Rome. proceedings below; and the one half of it is said to have been devoted to men, the other, to women. Of the vast size of some of these buildings, we may form a conception from the accommodation which must have been required for the tribunal alone, where, in addition to the curule chair of the prætor, and space required by the suitors and their advocates, seats had to be provided for the judices or jurymen, who occasionally amounted to as many as 180. Many of the principal churches in Italy, and particularly in Rome, are still called Basiliche. The term B. was also applied in the middle ages to the large structures erected over the tombs of persons of distinction, probably from their resemblance to small churches; thus, the tomb of Edward the Confessor, in Westminster, is called a B. (see chronicle of the Mayors of London, quoted by Parker). 729 BASILICATA-BASILISK. There BASILICATA, or as it is also called, POTENZA, powers, in which the Supreme God is reflected, are a province in the south of the kingdom of Italy, in their turn themselves reflected, but more feebly, includes nearly the same territory as ancient in seven other angelic powers, which emanate Lucania. Foggia and Avellino bound it on the N.; from them; and so on through the whole circle Bari and Lecce, on the N.E. and E.; the Gulf of of emanations, which amount to 365, the mystic Taranto and Cosenza, S.E. and E.; and Salerno number so often inscribed on the symbolic stones and the Mediterranean, on the W. Its area is in the Gnostic schools (see ABRAXAS ŠTONES). Each 4000 square miles. Pop. (1871) 508,880. The of these angelic powers governs a world. capital is Potenza; the other chief towns are are, consequently, 365 worlds, to each of which B. Francavilla and Tursi. B. lies mainly on the east gave a name. The head of the 365th, or lowest side of the main ridge of the Apennines, between world, rules the material universe, which, along it and the Gulf of Taranto. The interior is wild with other angels, he also created. He is the God and mountainous, and though there are some large or Jehovah of the Old Testament, and when the forests in the province, the general aspect is bare earth was divided among the rulers of the material and barren. Four considerable rivers-the Basiento, universe, the Jewish nation fell to the share of himBrandano, Agri, and Sinno-flow through it from the self, who was the prince of the lowest class of west in an east-south-east direction, forming as many angels. But wishing to absorb all power himself, he valleys, which slope gradually into an exceedingly strove against the other angels, and to make them fertile plain, varying in breadth from 4 to 10 miles. subject to his chosen people,' the result of which was Here corn is raised in abundance, also wine, hemp, war, strife, division in the world, together with the tobacco, and liquorice. Swine, sheep, and goats are loss of the true religion, to restore which the Supreme reared in the mountainous districts, and silk forms a God sent the first Æon (Nous, or Intelligence), who product of the valleys. B. is greatly in need of good united himself to the man Jesus at his baptism, and roads, and is much subject to earthquakes. so taught men that the destiny of their rational spirit was to return into God. This Nous, however (who was the true Christ), did not really suffer crucifixion, for, changing forms with Simon of Cyrene, he stood by laughing while Simon suffered, and afterwards returned to heaven. B. also taught the doctrine of a purgatorial transmigration of souls in the case of the wicked. His disciples (Basilidians) were numerous in Egypt, Syria, Italy, and even in Gaul, where they continued to exist till the 4th c. They and magic,' but whether on good grounds or not, were accused by their enemies of Antinomianism BASILICON (Gr. 'royal,' or of great virtue), a name given to an ointment composed of yellow wax, black pitch, resin, and olive oil. Hence it was called Unguentum Tetrapharmacum (tetra pharmaka, four drugs). The resin, wax, and pitch are melted together over a slow fire; the oil is then added, and the mixture, while hot, strained through linen. The straining is directed in consequence of the impurities which resin often contains. B. ointment, or resin cerate, as it is sometimes called, is much used as a gently stimulant application to blistered surfaces, indolent ulcers, burns, scalds, and chilblains. BASILICON DO'RON (Gr. royal gift), a celebrated prose work of King James VI. of Scotland, written for the instruction of his son, Prince Henry, a short time previous to his accession to the English throne. It consists of three books. The first treats "Of a King's Christian Duty towards God; the second, Of a King's Duty in his Office;' and the third, 'Of a King's Behaviour in Indifferent Things.' It was first published in 1599; afterwards in London in 1603, 8vo; and translated into Latin by Henry Peacham, who presented it, richly illuminated, to the prince. This Latin version was published in London in 1604, 8vo. A French edition appeared at Paris in 1603, 8vo, and another in 1604, 16mo. Like the royal author's famous work on Demonology, and his Counterblast to Tobacco, the B. D. is now only considered as a literary curiosity. BASILI'DES, an Alexandrian Gnostic, who flourished during the reigns of Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius. Regarding his life, little is known. He is said to have taught in Antioch; afterwards in Persia; and, finally, in Egypt, where he is supposed to have died shortly before the middle of the 2d c. He was a disciple of one Glaucias, not elsewhere mentioned in history, but whom he terms an interpreter of St Peter, and from whom he alleges that he had received the esoteric faith of that apostle. B. probably considered himself a Christian, but his fantastic speculations bore a greater resemblance to the doctrines of Zoroaster, and in some points to the Indian philosophy, than to the religion of Christ. According to the system of B., there are two eternal and independent principles-the one, good; the other, evil. Whatever exists, emanates from these. The good principle-i.e., the Supreme God, or Father-constitutes, with his seven perfections, viz., the Mind, the Word, the Understanding, Power, Excellences, Princes, and Angels, the blessed ogdoad (combination of eight). These seven perfections, or cannot be ascertained. authors, a terrible creature, which, however, may BA'SILISK, according to ancient and medieval be regarded as entirely fabulous-the fables concerning it being so many and so monstrous, that it is vain to seek for any foundation of truth, or to inquire if any of them originally had reference to any particular creature whatever. The ancients, serpent: in the middle ages, it was generally repreas Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny, describe it as a sented as more of a lizard appearance, but provided with eight instead of four feet. It appears to have been at last pretty completely identified with the Cockatrice (q. v.), which was believed to be generated in a very wonderful manner, being cock, and hatched by a toad; for which reason we produced from an egg laid by an extremely old find the B. sometimes figured with something like a cock's head. The B. was the king of dragons and serpents, all of which left their prey to it whenever it approached; whence its name, basiliscus (Gr.), diminutive of basileus, a king-sometimes exactly translated into Latin by regulus. It had some prominences on its head, which, when it was figured in books, assumed very exactly the appearance of a crown. It inhabited the deserts of Africa, and, indeed, could only inhabit a desert, for its breath burned up all vegetation; the flesh fell from the bones of any animal with which it came in contact, and its very look was fatal to life; but brave men could venture into cautious contest with it by the use of a mirror, which reflected back its deadly glance upon itself.-These things are still necessary to be mentioned, were it only on account of the allusions to them by poets and other writers.-The blood of the B. was, of course, extremely valuable to magicians. It occupies an important place in some of the legends of the saints, and Pope Leo IV. is said to have delivered Rome from a B. whose breath caused a deadly pestilence. The word B., and its equivalent regulus, are some BASILISK-BASKET. times used in the Latin Vulgate, where the authorised English version of the Old Testament sometimes has adder, and sometimes cockatrice; but no trace of any of the marvels concerning the B. is to be found there. BA'SILISK (Basiliscus), in modern Zoology, a genus of saurian reptiles of the family of Iguanida (see IGUANA), differing from the iguanas in the want of the dewlap or appendage of skin under the throat, and of the series of pores on the inside of each thigh; also in having a continuous elevated crest along the back and tail, capable of being erected or depressed at pleasure, and apparently intended to aid the motions of the animal in water like the corresponding fin of a fish.-The basilisks are remarkably adapted both for climbing trees and for swimming. Their feet are not webbed, their toes rather long. They are perfectly harmless creatures, very active and lively, and it is difficult to say why they should have received the name of the fabulous monster of antiquity, unless because their appear ance is far from agreeable to those unaccustomed to it, and perhaps because an appendage at the back of the head may have been thought to represent the crown of the dragon king. This appendage is most conspicuously developed in the Mitred or Hooded B. (B. mitratus), a native of the tropical parts of America, and consists of a hood or membranous Hooded Basilisk. bag, capable of being dilated with air, and then about the size of a pullet's egg, which is supposed, notwithstanding its extremely different situation, to have a use somewhat analogous to that of the airbladder of fishes. The mitred B. is from 25 to 30 inches long, including the long and very tapering tail. -Another and larger species, of a generally greenish colour (B. Amboinensis), inhabits the islands of the Indian Archipelago, and is much used there for food. Its flesh is said to be very white and tender. It is often seen on the branches of trees above water, into which it drops when alarmed. BA'SIN, a geographical term of considerable importance. The B. of a river is the whole tract of country drained by that river, and is, of course, more or less concave. The line or boundary which separates one river-basin from another is called the water-shed. By tracing these watersheds, the whole of a country or continent may be divided into a number of distinct basins; and this is one of the most instructive elements in the physical geography of a country. The B. of a lake or sea, again, is made up of the basins of all the rivers that flow into it. BA'SIN, in Geology, is a term applied to depressions in the strata, in which beds of a later age have been deposited. Thus, the London B., consisting of tertiary sands and clays, occupies a hollow in the chalk, which is bounded by the North Downs on the south, and by the chalk-hills of Berks, Wilts, Bucks, and Herts on the north. The term has also been applied to synclinal depressions of strata, which have been produced by the elevation or depression of all the strata contained in the B., as the coal-B. of South Wales. BA'SINGSTOKE, a town in the north of Hampshire, 46 miles west-south-west of London. It is a place of much activity, being situated at the junction of five main roads to London from the south and west of England. The country around is fertile and wooded. The chief trade is in corn, malt, coal, and timber. Near the town is a tract of 108 acres, on which every householder has the right of pasturage. There is also, not far from the town, an ancient camp, surrounded by an irregular oval embankment, 1100 yards in circumference, with an entrance on the east and west sides. Basing House Castle, belonging to the Marquis of Winchester, long with stood the forces of the Commonwealth, but Cromwell at last took it by storm, and burned it to the ground in 1645. Pop. (1871) 5574. a BA'SKERVILLE, JOHN, a celebrated English printer and letter-founder, was born in 1708 at Wolverley, in Worcestershire. He became writing-master in Birmingham, and afterwards carried on the business of japanning there with great success. He began about 1750 to make laborious and costly experiments in letter-founding, and succeeded in making types which have scarcely yet been excelled. He printed an edition of Virgil at Birmingham in 1756, which was followed by other Latin classics, a few English and Italian authors, and a New Testament (Oxf. 1763), much admired as specimens of printing, although not otherwise possessing high merit. His services to the art of printing met with little encouragement and no requital. He died in 1775. He was a man of obliging disposition, but of a gloomy temperament, and condemned all religious service as superstition. B. was buried in a tomb of masonry in the shape of a cone, under a windmill, in his garden; but the ground becoming valuable for building purposes, his remains were exhumed in the summer of 1821, and deposited in the vaults of Christ Church, in the neighbourhood of the spot where they were originally interred. Baskerville editions of works are now prized by persons of taste. BA'SKET (Welsh, basged, or basgawd, a netting made of willows, reeds, or chips, interwoven, or weaving of splinters), a domestic utensil, usually although sometimes the materials are gold, silver, iron, glass, &c. Baskets have been in use from very early ages. The Israelites were commanded (Deuteronomy xxvi. 2) to offer unto the Lord, as soon as they came into possession of the land of Canaan, the first of all the fruit of the earth' in a basket. The baskets used on such occasions by the rich Jews were made of gold and silver, and were returned to the offerers; but those used by the majority of the people were of barked willow, and were retained by the priests. The ancient Britons were remarkably expert in the manufacture of baskets, which were much prized by the Romans for their neatness and elegance. The process of B.-making is very simple, and appears to be well known among the rudest peoples-even among the aborigines of Van Diemen's Land. In this country the willow is chiefly used in the manufacture of baskets. In several parts of England and Scotland, great attention is paid to the cultivation of the willow; and judging from the statements of some of the cultivators, the returns yielded are very satisfactory. One calculates his profits at £18, 10s. per acre, and another at £10 per acre. The tools required being few and inexpensive, a large number of poor persons are engaged in the manufacture of baskets, that are hawked about the streets by their wives and children. B.making also forms a part of the industry of almost all blind asylums. Baskets are of all shapes and sizes, and their uses are so well known to all as to |