Black Writers in French: A Literary History of Negritude

African Aimé Césaire already American appeared artistic assimilation authors aware become black writers Cahier called Césaire civilization close colonial colored completely condition consider create criticism culture Damas Diop Editions Europe European example expression face feel Finally forces France French give hand hope human Ibid ideas important influence intellectuals interest L. S. Senghor land language later Légitime Défense literary literature living longer Martinique Marxism means movement native nature negritude Negro never noir novel original Paris poems poet poetry political Présence Africaine problems published race reality reason René rhythm Sartre seems Senghor social society speak style surrealism surrealist things thought tion traditional translated Tropiques true turned understand University values West Indian Western wish young