Unarmed Forces: The Transnational Movement to End the Cold War

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Cornell University Press, 2002 - 406 pages
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Throughout the Cold War, people worldwide feared that the U.S. and Soviet governments could not prevent a nuclear showdown. Citizens from both East-bloc and Western countries, among them prominent scientists and physicians, formed networks to promote ideas and policies that would lessen this danger. Two of their organizations--the Pugwash movement and the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War--won Nobel Peace Prizes. Still, many observers believe that their influence was negligible and that the Reagan administration deserves sole credit for ending the Cold War. The first book to explore the impact these activists had on the Soviet side of the Iron Curtain, Unarmed Forces demonstrates the importance of their efforts on behalf of arms control and disarmament.Matthew Evangelista examines the work of transnational peace movements throughout the Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and Gorbachev eras and into the first years of Boris Yeltsin's leadership. Drawing on extensive research in Russian archives and on interviews with Russian and Western activists and policymakers, he investigates the sources of Soviet policy on nuclear testing, strategic defense, and conventional forces. Evangelista concludes that transnational actors at times played a crucial role in influencing Soviet policy--specifically in encouraging moderate as opposed to hard-line responses--for they supplied both information and ideas to that closed society. Evangelista's findings challenge widely accepted views about the peaceful resolution of the Cold War. By revealing the connection between a state's domestic structure and its susceptibility to the influence of transnational groups, Unarmed Forces will also stimulate thinking about the broader issue of how government policy is shaped.

 

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Table des matières

Taming the Bear
3
Structure Opportunity and Change
13
The Birth of Transnationalism
25
A Battle on Two Fronts Khrushchevs Test Ban
45
Why Keep Such An Army? Khrushchevs Troop Reductions
90
Hitting a Fly in Outer Space Khrushchev and Missile Defenses
123
Success Stagnation and Revival
143
Nothing More to Talk About Nuclear Testing under Brezhnev
165
The Reckless Star Wars Scheme A New Challenge
233
Transnational Renaissance
249
Silence Reigned on Our Nuclear Test Ranges Gorbachev and the Moratorium
264
We Are Not Floating above Reality Gorbachevs Revolution in European Security Policy
289
If There Were No Nuclear Missiles Gorbachevs Answer to Star Wars
322
The Paradox of State Strength
341
Power Persuasion and Norms
374
Index
393

A Train without a Locomotive Brezhnevs Army
174
Not a Fool Brezhnev and the ABM Treaty
193

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Expressions et termes fréquents

Fréquemment cités

Page 322 - I call upon the scientific community in our country, those who gave us nuclear weapons, to turn their great talents now to the cause of mankind and world peace, to give us the means of rendering these nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete.
Page 124 - Considering that effective measures to limit anti-ballistic missile systems would be a substantial factor in curbing the race in strategic offensive arms and would lead to a decrease in the risk of outbreak of war involving nuclear weapons...
Page 6 - RisseKappen defines transnational relations as "regular interactions across national boundaries when at least one actor is a non-state agent or does not operate on behalf of a national government or an intergovernmental organization.
Page 117 - Cognitive Dynamics and Images of the Enemy: Dulles and Russia,
Page 92 - Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, NSC Series, Policy Papers Subseries, Box 27).
Page 31 - In the tragic situation which confronts humanity, we feel that scientists should assemble in conference to appraise the perils that have arisen as a result of the development of weapons of mass destruction, and to discuss a resolution in the spirit of the appended draft.
Page 55 - White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs...
Page 126 - Program," in Ashton B. Carter and David N. Schwartz, eds., Ballistic Missile Defense (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1984), pp.
Page 18 - The Paradox of State Strength: Transnational Relations, Domestic Structures, and Security Policy in Russia and the Soviet Union', International Organization, 49: 1-38.
Page 257 - MFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) in the Making of Soviet Defense and Arms Control Policy (Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corporation, September 1989).

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À propos de l'auteur (2002)

Matthew Evangelista is President White Professor of History and Political Science at Cornell University. He is the author of several books, including Unarmed Forces, also from Cornell, and Gender, Nationalism, and War.

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