channel is deep enough to admit large vessels.

La Tamise est une belle rivière; | The Thames is a fine river; its le lit en est assez profond pour admettre de gros vaisseaux. Comment trouvez-vous sa maison de campagne? la situation n'en est-elle pas charmante?

Cette affaire est délicate: le suc

cès en est douteux.

Ce simple est fort commun; cependant je n'en connais pas les

vertus.

Il y a un très-grand verger derrière sa maison; les arbres en sont très-bien plantés; les fruits en sont excellens.

La rivière est sortie de son lit. C'est une petite maison, qui a ses commodités.

Cette ville a ses beautés; j'ad-! mire la régularité et la propreté de ses rues.

Voilà des arbres qui étendent leurs branches bien loin.

How do you like his country-seat? is not its situation pleasing?

This business is delicate; its suc-
cess is doubtful.
This plant is very common; yet
I do not know its properties.

There is a very large orchard be-
hind his house; its trees are
very well planted; its fruits ex-
cellent.

The river forsook its channel.
It is a small house, which has its
conveniencies.

That city has its beauties; I ad-
mire the regularity and cleanli-
ness of its streets.

Those trees spread their branches very far.

In matters of science, custom authorises the use of the possessive article or pronoun, though it might be rendered, in English, by of it: thus, in speaking of a triangle, we may say, ses angles valent cent quatre-vingts degrés, its angles are equal to one hundred and eighty degrees. In speaking of a grammar, we may say, ses règles sont trop compliquées, its rules are too complicate, &c.

RULE V.-The English possessive articles or pronouns, my, thy, his, her, &c. are rendered, in French, by the passive personal pronoun, and the indicative or definite articles, le, la, les, when the verb, which precedes them, denotes an action over any part of the body.-EXAMPLES:

Vous lui avez rompu le bras.
Vous m'avez marché sur le pied.
Il faudra lui couper la jambe.
Vous me blessez la main.

Il ne peut sortir; la goutte lui a
enflé les jambes.

Je me suis fait couper les cheveux. |

RULE VI. When, from the indicative or definite article being inadequate to the removal of ambiguity of expression, the passive pronouns cannot be used, the English possessive articles or pronouns are rendered, in French, by their correspondents.-EXAMPLES:

As soon as the article or pronoun, owing to the perspicuity of the sentence, may be used without apprehension of ambiguity, the articles à la, &c. are substituted for the possessive article or pronoun. -EXAMPLES:

RULE VII.-The elliptical term mine, le mien, &c. in French, must agree, both in gender and number, with the noun to which it relates.-EXAMPLES:

Ses amis et les miens s'en sont His friends and mine have inter

RULE VIII. When, in English, mine, &c. are preceded by of, then they are rendered by mon, &c. as in the following EXAMPLES:

Deux de ses domestiques l'ont Two servants of his robbed him. volé.

Un de leurs chevaux boite.

A horse of theirs is lame.

RULE IX. Should any of the possessive articles or pronouns be preceded by the verb to be, having for its subject a noun or the pronouns it, they, &c. they are expressed, in French, by à moi, à toi, à soi, à lui, à elle, à eux, à elles.-EXAMPLES:

hers.

Ce livre est-il à vous? Non, il est | Is this book yours? No, it is his or à lui, ou à elle. Cette prairie est à nous, et ce bois est à eux.

La terre était à moi, à présent elle est à toi.

On m'a dit que c'était à lui; si c'était à moi, je m'en déferais le plus promptement possible. S'ils étaient à moi, je les garderais.

This meadow is ours, and this wood is theirs.

The land was mine, now it is thine.

I have been told that it was his: if
it were mine, I would get rid of
it as quick as possible.
If they were mine, I would keep
them.

LESSON THE SIXTH.

ON THE DEMONSTRATIVE ARTICLE OR PRONOUN, &c.

Master. It is useless to repeat what has already been said, concerning the gender and number of this article or pronoun, (see pages 124 and 125,) I will merely observe, that, like all others, it must be repeated before every noun, with appropriate gender and number, as is exemplified in the following beautiful passage from RACINE'S Bérénice.

De cette nuit, Phénice, as-tu vu la splendeur?

Tes yeux ne sont-ils pas tout pleins de sa grandeur?
Ces flambeaux, ce bûcher, cette nuit enflammée,
Ces aigles, ces faisceaux, ce peuple, cette armée,
Cette foule de rois, ces consuls, ce sénat,
Qui tous de mon amant empruntaient leur éclat ;
Cette pompe, cet or, que rehaussait sa gloire,
Et ces lauriers encore, témoins de sa victoire.

In order to render the above words more fully determinative of the object spoken of, we often, in familiar language, add the small words ei and là.-EXAMPLES:

is a rogue.

Cet homme-ci est honnête; mais | This man is honest; but that man cet homme-là est un coquin. Cette année-ci ne nous a pas été favorable.

This year has not been favourable

to us.

These pens are better than those.

This house is to be sold, and that is to be let.

RULE I.-The words this and that, when used to point at some object, without naming it, are rendered, in French, by ceci, cela.— EXAMPLES:

Ceci est bon, cela est mauvais. Donnez-moi ceci, et envoyez-lui cela.

Ceci est plus surprenant que cela. Ceci fut approuvé de quelquesuns; mais cela déplut à toute la compagnie.

This is good, that is bad.
Give me this, and send him that.

This is more surprising than that. This was approved by a few; but that displeased the whole company.

RULE II. That which, what, are rendered, in French, by ce qui, or ce que: ce qui is used as subject, and ce que as object, in a sentence. -EXAMPLES:

RULE III.-Whenever ce qui, ce que, or ce dont (de quoi), and ce à quoi be in a sentence composed of two members, ce must be repeated before the verb être, which begins the second member, provided it be followed by another verb, a noun, or a pronoun. - Ex

AMPLES:

But, should the verb être be followed by a noun singular, instead of a verb, then ce may or may not be repeated, according to the choice or taste of the writer, which circumstances ought to regulate.-EXAMPLES:

Ce should be omitted before être, if it be followed by an adjective or a past participle--EXAMPLES:

S. I have observed that many people commit errors in the use of ce qui, ce que, in French, by substituting one for the other; which mistake appears so much the more natural, as the two expressions above are rendered, in English, by the same words that which. Could you not give me such rules as to effectually prevent these mistakes?

M. I assigned the real difference between ce qui and ce que, when I first mentioned these idiomatical terms; I will now speak