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DAIS

a common ration for cows kept in milk-dairies; brewers' grains are not thought favourably of in cheese or butter dairies, where any food that readily becomes sour or tainted is scrupulously avoided, and is wholly prohibited by the owners of factories or creameries, and by condensers of milk. Roots of various kinds are rarely used in America, the hot, dry summer climate and the greater ease of growing the equally valuable feeding crop, maize (commonly called corn), combining to make root-crops unpopular. When roots are grown, the long red or the yellow globe mangels are preferred. The use of ensilage has been found very convenient in the dairy, and this practice is rapidly extending. In the dairy districts of Wisconsin at least 2000 silos were built in 1888, the serious damage to the feeding crops by the dry season of the previous year having induced dairymen to secure ample feed by growing corn-which suffers little from drought, and to some extent enjoys dry, hot weather and preserving it green in silos. It is quite certain that the cheapness and ease of production of this grand fodder crop has given a greater stimulus to the American dairy than any other favourable circumstance. The abundance and cheapness of the grain (corn), and also of bran, enable American dairymen to produce cheap milk, cheese, and butter; and there is no other class of American farmers who enjoy equal comfort, and even wealth.

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Dais (Old Fr. deis, dois, from Lat. discus, quoit,' 'platter;' in late Lat. 'a table'), a term used with considerable latitude by medieval writers. Its most usual significations are the following: (1) A canopy over an altar, shrine, font, throne, stall, chair, statue, or the like; the term being applied to the canopy without regard to the materials of which it was composed, which might be cloth, wood, stone, metal, or other substance; (2) the chief seat at the high table in a hall, with the canopy covering it; (3) the high table itself; (4) the raised portion of the floor, or estrade, on which the high table stood, and which divided the upper from the lower portion of the hall; (5) a cloth of state for covering a throne or table.

Daisy (Bellis), a genus of tubulifloral composites (family Asteroidea) characterised by its conical receptacle and absence of pappus. The seven or eight species are palæarctic, save B. integrifolia of Tennessee and Arkansas. The familiar species, B. perennis, needs no description, nor can any one have failed to notice its habit of closing at night. Double varieties, crimson, pink, white, or striped, are common in gardens, and are frequently of such exuberantly vegetative habit as to produce smaller heads in the axils of the involucral bracts of the main capitulum, whence the popular name of Henand-chickens. A handsome variegated variety is called aucubafolia. The characteristic beauty and almost perennial profusion of blossom have made this commonest of flowers the prime favourite alike of childish and poetic garlands, and invested its many names (Eng. Day's eye, Scot. Gowan, Fr. Marguerite, &c.) with such an unequalled wealth of associations that it must here suffice only to name Chaucer and Burns as foremost laureates of a ceaseless tribute of admiring song. The Ox-eye Daisy is a Chrysanthemum (q.v.). Dåk, or DAWK, the mail-post of India; also, travelling by Palanquin (q.v.). See BUNGALOW.

Dako'ta, NORTH and SOUTH, two states of the American Union organized from the former territory of Dakota and admitted into Copyright 1889 in U.S. the Union in 1890. The tract is bounded N. by Assiniboia and Manitoba (Canada); E. by Minnesota and Iowa; S. by Nebraska; and W. by Montana and Wyoming.

by J. B. Lippincott Company.

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Area, 148,445. sq. miles; about equally divided between the two states. Four-fifths of the surface is an undulating plain. A belt of high plateau, the Coteau du Missouri, traverses the tract from northwest to south-east; and a similar but smaller ridge or divide lies east of the James River valley. The great river Missouri flows south-eastward across the Dakotas; and the country west of that stream is more broken and better timbered than the rest. In South Dakota lie the Black Hills, a rugged and mountainous region (3200 sq. m.), and well wooded. Their highest point, Harney Peak, is 8200 feet high. The Turtle Mountains in the north are crossed by the Canadian boundary, south of which their area is but 800 sq. m., and their highest elevation 2300 feet. The geological features of the Dakotas are full of variety and interest. A very large proportion of the surface is covered by glacial and alluvial drift, and much of the country bears evidence of having been more than once submerged. During the Silurian age a shallow sea or saline lake must have rolled over it; while there is evidence that at about the end of the glacial period it was either the bed of a great lake, or at least was very largely covered with lacustrine waters. At present the lakes are all relatively small, except Devil's Lake, or Minniwaukon, in the north, which, like many others of this region, has no outlet. Its waters are therefore saline, but it is inhabited by fishes of various fresh-water species. About one-third of the area of the tract, chiefly towards the northwest, is believed to be underlaid with beds of work. able lignite, well adapted to use as a domestic fuel; and the spontaneous firing of the lignite beds has probably been a large factor in the development of the so-called 'bad lands,' which are covered with rocks of most fantastic shapes. Natural fuel-gas has been obtained by boring at several points. Among the building-stones are quartzite, jasper, and granite in the south-east, and sandstone, marble, and granite in the south-west. Fictile clays, gypsum, cement, chalk, mica, and other useful minerals are found in many places. Medicinal and thermal springs are found in the south-west, where the Black Hills afford much gold and silver, as well as tin, antimony, lead, mica, copper, and other minerals. The tin-mines are the only ones of any extent ever worked in America; and some of the gold-mines are among the most extensive in the In the ten years 1877-87 the gold and silver production of the Black Hills amounted to $33,770,000.

world.

The

The climate of the Dakotas presents some remarkable features. The winters are cold, but so dry and sunny that the cold is usually borne without great suffering, except during the blizzards (see BLIZZARD) which are occasionally experienced. The summer days are warm and often windy, but the nights are ordinarily calm and cool. climate is everywhere remarkably healthful; malarial diseases are nearly unknown. The rainfall is relatively low, but the copious saline elements in the soil, with the generally level surface and the coolness of the climate, tend to the retention of moisture; hence the rainfall is usually ample The for the production of all the ordinary crops. planting of forests has been greatly encouraged by local and national legislation. The Missouri River is the principal stream; it is usually navigable for eight months in the year. The other important rivers are the James, noted for the fertility of its valley; the navigable Red River, famous for its rich alluvial basin; the Big Sioux, Vermilion, White, Cheyenne, Bad, Moreau, Grand, Cannon Ball, Heart, Little Missouri, Maple, and the Mouse or Souris. The north-east section of North Dakota is tributary to Hudson Bay through the Red River;

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but the far greater part of the Dakotas belongs to the Mississippi valley. The leading agricultural products are spring wheat of high grade, the staple product of the Red River basin; maize, which does well throughout a large part of the states; flax, raised chiefly for the oil of its seed; oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, and hay. Fruit-growing is receiving a rapid development. Hops grow wild and of good quality in certain sections. A very important interest is the rearing of live-stock; the cattle-ranch system prevailing in the less settled districts. The Bad Lands, formerly regarded as worthless, are now especially valued as suitable ground for cattle-raising, A country like the Dakotas, but a few years since the abode of millions of buffalo and countless antelope, must of necessity be well adapted to grazing. A very considerable proportion of the area is still occupied by Indian reservations; immigration has gone on at a rapid rate, and the portion still open for occupation by actual settlers had, by 1888, been reduced to onefourth of the territory. The larger proportion of the incoming settlers are from the older northern states and from Canada; but many come from Scandinavia, Britain, and Germany, and not a few (Mennonites) from Russia. The manufacturing interests of the Dakotas are for new agricultural states singularly diversified and extensive. Railways, including the Northern Pacific line, have been pushed extensively, and their construction has preceded, not followed, the settlement of the country. Abundant provision has been made for the educational needs of the country, and several colleges and normal schools and a universally prevalent system of free schools have been established. Among the principal towns of North Dakota are Bismarck, the capital, Fargo, Wahpeton, Grand Forks, Pembina, Jamestown, &c.; of South Dakota, Pierre, the capital, on the Missouri River, Deadwood, in the Black Hills, Sioux Falls, Yankton, Watertown, &c. Pop. of the territory of Dakota (1860) 4837; (1870) 14,181; (1880) 135,177. Area of North Dakota 70,795 sq. m.; pop. in 1890, 182,719. Area of South Dakota 77,650 sq. m.; pop. in 1890, 328,808. History. The first real and permanent white settlement in Dakota was probably established by French Canadian settlers near Pembina about 1780. Lord Selkirk in 1812, by a mistake, built his fort of Pembina south of the Canadian line; there were fur-trading posts established at least as early as 1808. By a treaty with the Dakota Indians in 1851 a large part of the country was opened to white settlement. The territory was established and organised in 1861. Yankton was the capital until 1883, when Bismarck became the seat of government. During the congressional session of 1888-89 provision was made to admit it into the Union as two states-North Dakota and South Dakota.

Dalai'-Lama. See LAMAISM.

Dalbeattie, a town of Kirkcudbrightshire, near Urr Water, 15 miles SW. of Dumfries. Founded in 1780, it owed its importance to the neighbouring Craignair granite-quarries (now to a large extent exhausted), and to its polishing-works, which furnished granite for the Liverpool and Odessa Docks, the Thames Embankment, and many more works, both at home and abroad. Pop. (1841) 1430; (1881) 3861; (1891) 3149.

Dalberg, the name of an ancient and noble German family which long held by hereditary right the office of chamberlain to the archbishopric of Worms. So great was the renown of the Dalberg family, that at every coronation of a German emperor the royal herald exclaimed: 'Is there no Dalberg here?' whereupon the representative of the family kneeled, and received from the new emperor the dignity of 'first knight of the empire.'

D'ALEMBERT

One of the most eminent members of this family was Karl Theodor (1744-1817), the last prince-bishop of Mainz, who, trained for the church, held numerous high offices, and ultimately became elector of Mainz, chancellor of the empire, and primate of Germany. He was a friend of Wieland, Herder, Goethe, and Schiller, and wrote works on history, philosophy, and aesthetics.

Dalbergia, a tropical genus of papilionaceous trees and climbers. Some of them are valuable timber-trees, particularly the Sissoo of Bengal (D. Sissoo) and D. melanoxylon of Senegal (Senegal Ebony, q.v.). D. monetaria, of Surinam, yields a resin very similar to Dragon's Blood.

On

Stewarton in Ayrshire. Early apprenticed to a Dale, DAVID, was born 6th January 1739 at Paisley weaver, he afterwards travelled some time round the country, buying up the homespun linen yarn, next became clerk to a silk-mercer, then an importer of French and Dutch yarns. Arkwright's visiting Scotland it was agreed that he and Dale should engage in cotton-spinning together at New Lanark near the Falls of Clyde. There Dale built mills, and became prosperous. In 1799 he sold these mills to a Manchester company whose manager was the famous Robert Owen, husband of Dale's daughter. Dale spent his last years in active works of benevolence in Glasgow, called itself the Old Independents.' He died at and in preaching to a church of his own which Glasgow, 17th March 1806.

Dalecarlia, or DALARNÉ (signifying 'valleycountry'), an old province of central Sweden, now forming the län or county of Kopparberg. The Dalecarlians are celebrated for the part they took under Gustavus Vasa in freeing their country from the yoke of Christian II. of Denmark.

D'Alembert, JEAN LE ROND, mathematician and encyclopædist, was born in Paris, November 16, 1717, and was found the day after his birth near the church of St Jean-le-Rond, from which he derived his name-the surname he himself added long after. He was the illegitimate son of Madame de Tencin and the Chevalier Destouches, and was brought up by the wife of a poor glazier; but his father, without publicly acknowledging the paternity, secured to him an allowance of 1200 francs a year. At twelve the boy entered the Collège Mazarin, where he soon showed his lifelong passion for mathematical studies. On leaving college, he returned to the humble home of his kind fostermother, where he continued to live and pursue his favourite studies for thirty years, broken only by two ineffectual attempts to earn a living by law and medicine. You will never,' said his foster-mother, 'be anything but a philosopher; and what is a philosopher, but a fool who torments himself during his life that people may talk about him when he is dead?' His first distinction was admission at twenty-three to the Academy of Sciences. Two years later appeared his Traité de Dynamique, which reduces all the laws of motion to the consideration of Equilibrium, thereby making an epoch in mechanical philosophy. Later works which gained the prize of the Academy of Berlin, were Réflexions sur le Cause générale des Vents, 1746, and which contains the first conception and use of the Calculus of Partial Differences; Traité de l'Équilibre et du Mouvement des Fluides (1744); Recherches sur la Précession des Equinoxes et sur la Mutation de l'Axe de la Terre (1749); and Recherches sur Différents Points Importants du Système du Monde (1754). His Opuscules Mathématiques (8 vols. 1761-80) contain an immense number of memoirs, some on new subjects, some containing developments of his previous works.

But D'Alembert did not confine himself to

DALGARNO

physical science. For the great Encyclopédie planned by Diderot he wrote the famous Discours Préliminaire, a noble tribute to literature and philosophy, a model of lucid and eloquent exposi- | tion, although its classification of the sciences is open to question. Besides numerous articles in the Encyclopédie (the mathematical portion of which he edited), he published books on philosophy, literary criticism, the theory of music, and a treatise, Sur la Destruction des Jesuites (1765), which involved him in controversy. He became secretary to the Academy in 1772, and thereafter he wrote the lives of all the members deceased between 1700 and that year-one of the most pleasing of his works. His literary works have been published in a collected form, new edition, by Bossange (Paris, 5 vols. 1821). This edition contains his correspondence with Voltaire and the king of Prussia. His scientific works

have never been collected.

So genuine was D'Alembert's love of independence that wealth and rank had no fascination for him. Frederick II. of Prussia offered him the presidency of the Academy of Berlin in 1752, but he declined to leave France, and only accepted a subsequent offer of a pension of 1200 francs. The king of France granted him a similar sum. In 1762 Catharine II. of Russia invited him, through her ambassador, to undertake the education of her son, with a salary of 100,000 francs; and when he declined, she wrote him an autograph letter, urging that to refuse to contribute to the education of a whole nation was inconsistent with his own principles; and inviting him, if he could not reconcile himself to the breaking-off of his pursuits and friendships, to bring all his friends with him, and she would provide both for them and for him everything they could desire. But he remained steadfast. D'Alembert never married. He was tenderly attached for many years to Mademoiselle Espinasse, with whom he lived in the same house in Platonic affection for nearly a dozen years, but who was scarce worthy of his devotion. Her death in 1776 was a crushing blow to the philosopher. His own health began to give way; for he was suffering from the stone, and would not consent to an operation. He died October 29, 1783.

Dalgarno, GEORGE, an almost forgotten but very able author, was born at Aberdeen about 1626, studied at Marischal College, and afterwards kept a school in Oxford for thirty years, where he died August 28, 1687. He deserves to be remembered for two remarkable works the Ars Signorum, vulgo Character Universalis et Lingua Philosophica (1661), and Didascalocophus, or the Deaf and Dumb Man's Tutor (1680). The former is a very ingenious attempt to represent and classify ideas by specific arbitrary characters irrespective of words. tains the germs of Bishop Wilkins's subsequent speculations in his work, A Real Character and a Philosophical Language (1668). Leibnitz has repeatedly alluded to it in complimentary terms. The latter work has for its design 'to bring the way of teaching a deaf man to read and write as near as possible to that of teaching young ones to speak and understand their mother-tongue.'

It con

Dalhousie, JAMES ANDREW BROUN-RAMSAY, MARQUIS OF, Governor-general of India, and 'greatest of Indian proconsuls,' was the third son of the ninth Earl of Dalhousie, and was born April 22, 1812, at Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian. He was educated at Harrow, and graduated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1832, by the death of his only remaining brother, he succeeded to the courtesy title of Lord Ramsay. In 1835 he stood unsuccessfully for Edinburgh in the Conservative interest; in 1837

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was elected for Haddingtonshire. On the death of his father in 1838 he entered the House of Peers as Earl of Dalhousie. In 1843 Sir Robert Peel appointed him Vice-president of the Board of Trade, and in 1845 he succeeded Mr Gladstone as President of the Board. The 'railway mania' threw an immense amount of labour and responsibility upon his department; but the energy, industry, and administrative ability he displayed in his office, no less than his readiness and fluency in parliament, marked him out for the highest offices in the state. When Peel resigned office in 1846, Lord John Russell paid the Earl of Dalhousie the rare compliment of asking him to remain at the Board of Trade, in order to carry out the regulations he had framed for the railway system. In 1847 he was appointed Governor-general of India, as successor to Lord Hardinge, and arrived in Calcutta, January 12, 1848-the youngest governor-general ever sent to that country. His Indian administration was not less splendid and successful in regard to the acquisition of territory than in the means he adopted for developing the resources of the country, and improving the administration of the East Indian government. Pegu and the Punjab were conquered; Nagpur, Oudh, Sattara, Jhansi, and Berar were annexed-altogether, four great kingdoms, besides a number of minor principalities, were added to the dominions of the Queen. Railways on a colossal scale were planned, and partly commenced; 4000 miles of electric telegraph were spread over India; 2000 miles of road between Calcutta and Peshawur were bridged and metalled; the Ganges Canal, the largest of the kind in the country, was opened; important works of irriga tion all over India were planned and executed; and the department of public works was reorganised. Among other incidents of his beneficent administration may be mentioned his energetic action against suttee, thuggee, female infanticide, and the slave-trade; the organisation of the Legislative Council; the improved training of the civil service, which was opened to all natural-born subjects of the British crown, black or white; the successful development of trade, agriculture, forestry, mining; and a great reform in the postal service of India. In a minute which he drew up on resigning office, he reviewed with pardonable pride the events of his eight years' governor-generalship. His constitution had never been strong, and it gave way under the incessant labour and responsibility imposed upon him by his noble ambition. Meanwhile, honours had been showered upon him by his Queen and country Knight of the Thistle; in 1849 he received the marwith no sparing hand in 1848 he was made a quisate, the thanks of both Houses of Parliament and of the East India Company for the zeal and British India in the contest with the Sikhs; in ability' displayed in administering the resources of ated by the then prime-minister, the Earl of Derby, 1852, on the death of Wellington, he was nominto the office of Constable of Her Majesty's Castle of Dover and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. Dalhousie sailed from Calcutta in March 1856. his arrival in England he was unable to take his seat in the House of Lords; and the remainder of his days was spent in much physical_suffering and prostration of strength. On 19th December 1860 he died at Dalhousie Castle in his 48th year, leaving behind him a name that ranks among the highest in the roll of Indian viceroys for statesmanship, administrative vigour, and the faculty of inspiring confidence among the millions subjected to his sway. As he died without male issue, his title of marquis became extinct, the earldom of Dalhousie and other Scottish honours reverting to his cousin, Baron Panmure. policy of annexation has been blamed for the

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mutiny which broke out ere his death; but though, in Justin M'Carthy's words, he was a man of commanding energy and indomitable courage, with the intellect of a ruler of men and the spirit of a conqueror,' he was also of a most sensitive conscience, and entered on the Sikh and Burmese wars and embarked on a policy of annexation against his will. See the articles INDIA, OUDH, PEGU, PUNJAB, SIKHS; the Duke of Argyll's India under Dalhousie and Canning (1865); and Captain Lionel Trotter's Dalhousie in the Statesmen' series (1889).

Dalias, a town in the Spanish province of Almeria, at the foot of the Sierra de Gador, with a pop. of about 9500, who are employed chiefly in mining and smelting.

Dalkeith, a town of Midlothian, 6 miles SE. of Edinburgh, on a tongue of land between the North and South Esks. There is a large corn exchange (1855); of nearly a dozen places of worship the only old one is the parish church, collegiate once, of which Norman Macleod was for three years minister. The chief glory of the place is Dalkeith Palace, a seat of the Duke of Buccleuch (see SCOTT). Standing near the end of the High Street, in a beautiful park of 1035 acres, it is a Grecian edifice, built in 1700 by Sir John Vanbrugh for Monmouth's widowed duchess. The castle, its predecessor, was the seat first of the Grahams, and then of the Douglases from the 14th century till 1642, when the ninth Earl of Morton sold it to the second Earl of Buccleuch. Dalkeith thus has memories of the Regent Morton (the 'Lion's Den the castle was called in his day), of General Monk (1654-59), and of visits from James IV., James VI., Charles I., Prince Charles Edward, George IV., and Queen Victoria. It is the scene, too, of Moir's Mansie Wauch. Pop. (1841) 4831; (1881) 6931; (1891) 6952.

Dallas, capital of Dallas county, Texas, on Trinity River, 265 miles NNW. of Houston by rail. It is a flourishing place, with colleges for boys and girls, a medical institute, a number of flourmills and grain-elevators, several foundries, and manufactures of woollens, soap, &c. Pop. (1880) 10,358; (1890) 38,067.

Dallas, GEORGE MIFFLIN, an American diplomatist and statesman, was born in Philadelphia, July 10, 1792. His father, A. J. Dallas (1759 1817), was a distinguished lawyer of West Indian birth and Scottish descent, who filled with credit the positions of secretary of the treasury and acting-secretary of war under President Madison. The Dallas graduated at Princeton Colyounger lege in 1810. In 1813 he was admitted to the bar, and soon after entered the diplomatic service. In 1831 he was sent to the United States senate by the Pennsylvania legislature. He was United States minister to Russia from 1837 to 1839, and in 1844 was elected vice-president of the United States. In 1846 his casting-vote as president of the senate repealed the protective tariff of 1842, though he had previously been considered a Protectionist. His course on this question aroused much indignation in Pennsylvania. He was sent to Great Britain as United States minister at St James's from 1856 to 1861. He died at Philadelphia, December 31, 1864. His principal published writings were posthumous; they include a very readable and entertaining Series of Letters from London (1869), and a Life of A. J. Dallas (1871). His life was marked by assiduous devotion to official duties, which left him little leisure to look after his own private interests, and he lived and died a poor

man.

Dalles. See COLUMBIA RIVER. Dalling, LORD. See BULWER.

DALMATIC

Dalmatia, a narrow strip of Austrian territory extending along the Adriatic Sea, and bounded on the N. by Croatia, on the E. by Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Montenegro. Area, 4940 sq. m.; pop. (1886) 510,372. The coast of Dalmatia and numerous adjacent islands is everywhere steep and rocky, and the chief towns, all of which are on the coast, are Zara, Sebenico, Lissa, Spalato, Brazza, Ragusa, and Cattaro. The country is mountainous, chiefly dry moorland, with numerous small lakes and rivers, most of which dry up in summer. The highest mountain is Orjen, near Cattaro, 6235 feet. The climate is uncertain; mean temperature about 60°; rainfall about 28 in. The Bora (q.v.) wind is much dreaded. About one-ninth of the land is arable, and produces wheat, barley, oats, maize, rye, and potatoes. Wine and olives are also produced. Nearly half of the land is in pasture, and wood occupies about a third. The islands shipbuilding. are not very fertile, but supply good timber for fisheries are the chief industries. Cattle-rearing, seafaring, and the The annual value of the exports and imports is £1,500,000. The exports consist principally of wine, oil, brandy, hides, wool, wax, honey, and fruits. Of 55,000 are Italians, 1000 Albanians, 1000 Germans, the whole population, it is computed that about 500 Jews, and the remainder consists of Southern Slavonians-chiefly Dalmatians and Morlaks. The Dalmatians are a fine race of men, bold and brave main support of the military power of Venice. as seamen and soldiers, and formerly were the

In ancient times Dalmatia was a considerable kingdom, and, after many unsuccessful attempts, of Augustus. On the fall of the Western Empire, was first subjugated by the Romans in the time Dalmatia, which had formed the most southern part of the province Illyricum, was captured by the Goths, from whom it was taken by the Avari (490), who in their turn yielded it to the Slavonians about 620. The state founded by the Slavonians continued until the beginning of the 11th century, when King Ladislaus of Hungary incorporated a part of Dalmatia with Croatia, while the other part, with the title of duchy, placed itself under the protection of the Venetian republic. The Turks afterwards made themselves masters of a small portion; and by the peace of Campo-Formio (1797), the Venetian part of Dalmatia, with Venice itself, became subject to Austrian rule. When Austria, in 1805, had ceded this part of Dalmatia to Napoleon, it was annexed to the kingdom of Since 1814 Italy; afterwards (1810) to Illyria. Dalmatia forms part of Austria; the commune of Spizza being added by the Congress of Berlin in 1878.

See Sir Gardner Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Montenegro (1848); Paton, Highlands and Islands of the Adriatic (1849); Wingfield, Tour in Dalmatia (1859); Yriarte, Les Bords de l'Adriatique (1878); Freeman, Sketches from the Subject and Neighbouring Lands of Venice (1881); Henri Cons, La Province Romaine de Dalmatie (1882); and Jackson, Dalmatia, the Quarnaro, and Istria (1887).

Dalmatian Dog, or CARRIAGE-DOG, a variety of dog closely resembling in size and shape the modern pointer. It is often kept in stables, becomes attached to the horses, and may be seen running after carriages. Its colour should be white with black spots not more than an inch in diameter regularly distributed over its body, including its ears and tail. Its origin is uncertain the name Dalmatian is probably altogether misleading; and it is supposed that it may have been brought from India, where a very similar kind of dog exists.

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Dalmatic (Dalmatica), the deacon's robe in the Roman Catholic Church. The most ancient form of the dalmatic is exhibited in the annexed

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