He has made many friends in that † Il s'est fait beaucoup d'amis dans

I see the man whose brother has Je vois l'homme dont le frère a tué killed my dog.

{ see the man whose dog you have Je vois l'homme dont vous avez tué killed.

Do you see the child whose father Voyez-vous l'enfant dont le père est

I have spoken to the man whose | J'ai parlé à l'homme dont le magawarehouse has been burnt.

Has the man the nails of which he | L'homme a-t-il les clous dont il a behas need?

He has those of which he has need.

To need, to want.

soin?

Il a ceux dont il a besoin.

Avoir besoin de.

To have need of.

Which men do you see?

Quels hommes voyez-vous?

I see those of whom you have spoken Je vois ceux dont vous m'avez parlé.

to me.

The past participle does not agree with its object in number, (that is, if the object is in the plural, the past participle does not take an s,) when it is preceded by the connective pronoun dont, of whom, of which, whose. Do you see the pupils of whom I | Voyez-vous les élèves dont je vous ai have spoken to you?

I see them.

parlé ? Je les vois.

Masc. & Fem.

To whom.

Sing. & Plur.

`A qui,

Masc. Plur. auxquels.

I see the children to whom you have Je vois les enfants à qui vous avez

given some cakes.

To which men do you speak?

I speak to those to whom you have applied.

donné des gâteaux.

À quels hommes parlez-vous?

Je parle à ceux auxquels (à qui) vous vous êtes adressé.

Obs. `A qui, dative for all genders and numbers, is more usually employed for persons than auxquels, dative plural of lequel; but for things, auxquels must always be used.

To apply to.

To meet with.

S'adresser 1 à.

Rencontrer 1, (governs the accusative.)

I have met with the men to whom J'ai rencontré les hommes à qui (auxyou have applied.

Have you at last learned French ?—I was ill, so that I could not learn it. Has your brother learned it ?—He has not learned it, because he has not yet been able to find a good master.—Do you go to the ball this evening ?—I have sore feet, so that I cannot go to it.-Did you understand that German?—I do not know German, so that I could not understand him.-Have you bought the horse of which you spoke to me ?—I have no money, so that I could not buy it.Have you seen the man from whom I have received a present ?—I have not seen him.-Have you seen the fine gun of which I spoke to you?--I have seen it.-Has your uncle seen the books of which you spoke to him?-He has seen them.-Hast thou seen the man whose children have been punished?—I have not seen him.--To whom have you been speaking in the theatre?—I have been speaking to the man whose brother has killed my fine dog.-Have you seen the little boy whose father has become (s'est fait) a lawyer ?— I have seen him.-Whom have you seen at the ball?—I have seen there the men whose horses, and those whose coach (carosse) you have bought.--Whom do you see now?—I see the man whose servant has broken my looking-glass.-Have you heard the man whose friend has lent me money?—I have not heard him.-Whom have you heard ?—I have heard the French captain whose son is my friend.—Hast thou brushed the coat of which I spoke to thee ?---) have not yet brushed it.-Have you received the money which you have been wanting ?-I have received it.-Have I the paper of which I have need?-You have it.-Has your brother the books which he is wanting ?—He has them.-Have you spoken to the merchants whose warehouse we have taken ?-We have spoken to them. -Have you spoken to the physician whose son has studied German? --I have spoken to him.—Hast thou seen the poor men whose warehouses have been burnt?—I have seen them.-Have you read the books which we have lent you ?-We have read them.-What do you say of them, (en ?)-We say that they are very fine.-Have your children what they want?—They have what they want.

142.

Of which man do you speak?—I speak of the one whose brother nas turned soldier.-Of which children have you spoken ?—I have

spoken of those whose parents are learned.-Which book have you read?-I have read that of which I spoke to you yesterday.-Which paper has your cousin ?-He has that of which he has need.-Which fishes has he eaten?—He has eaten those which you do not like.— ́Of which books are you in want?—I am in want of those of which you have spoken to me.—Are you not in want of those which I am reading ?—I am not in want of them.-Do you see the children to whom I have given cakes?—I do not see those to whom you have given cakes, but those whom you have punished.-To whom have you given some money?—I have given some to those who have been skilful. To which children must one give books ?-One must give some to those who are good and obedient.—To whom do you give to eat and to drink?-To those who are hungry and thirsty-Do you give any thing to the children who are idle ?-I give them nothing. -Did it snow yesterday ?-It did snow, hail, and lighten.-Did it rain ?—It did rain.—Did you go out ?—I never go out, when it is bad weather. Have the captains at last listened to that man?—They have refused (Lesson XXXV.) to listen to him; all those to whom he applied have refused to hear him.-With whom have you met this morning?—I have met with the man by whom I am esteemed.Have you given any cakes to your pupils ?—They have not studied well, so that I have given them nothing.

FORTY-SIXTH LESSON.-Quarante-sixième Leçon.

OF THE FUTURE.

RULE.-The first or simple future is formed, in all French verbs, from the infinitive, by changing the letter r, for the first three conjugations,' and the ending re for the fourth, into rai.

Ex.

Obs. A. We need only know the first person singular of the future in order to form all the other persons, as they are always alike in all French verbs, viz. for the second person singular ras, the third person singular ra; the first person plural rons, the second rez, and the third ront.

Though the third conjugation is composed almost entirely of exceptions, the rule is notwithstanding correct, as all those verbs which now form exceptions were formerly spelled and written according to it.

Futures.

Thou shalt or wilt love, thou shalt or Tu aimeras. wilt finish.

Tu finiras.

He shall or will love, he shall or will Il aimera. finish.

Il finira.

We shall or will love, we shall or will Nous aimerons.

Nous finirons.

Thou shalt or wilt foresee, thou shalt | Tu prévoiras. or wilt restore.

Tu rendras.

He shall or will foresee, he shall or will restore.

Il prévoira.

Il rendra.

We shall or will foresee, we shall or Nous prévoirons. will restore.

Nous rendrons.

You shall or will foresee, you shall or will restore.

Vous prévoirez

Vous rendrez.

They shall or will foresee, they shall Ils prévoiront. or will restore.

Ils rendront.

EXCEPTIONS.

Obs. B. The following fourteen verbs, besides the auxiliaries avoir and être, and ten more, the futures of which are given at the end of this Lesson, form all the exceptions to our rule for the formation of the future. It must be remembered that the first person singular of the exceptions being once known, all the other persons are likewise known, they being, as may be seen from the above, the same in all verbs.