Junta of that Government was insulted, accused of being rebellious, and as deserving to be proceeded against criminally. At last, through the medium of the free press, Brazilian Writers made manifest to the World, the injustice and errors of the Congress, and, as the reward of their loyalty and patriotism, they were accused, in the machiavelian Report of the Commission, of being venal, and of being inspired only by the genius of evil.

It is impossible that Brazil can throw the veil of eternal oblivion over so many insults and atrocities; and it is equally impossible that she can ever again place confidence in the Cortes of Lisbon, seeing herself, on every occasion, treated by them with contempt, torn by a Civil War, commenced by those iniquitous People, and even threatened with the horrible scenes of Haiti, which our furious Enemies so much desired to revive.

Is it not an actual commencement of Hostilities on the part of that Government, to prohibit Foreign Nations, with whom we are carrying on a free Commerce, from sending us Naval and Military Stores ? we suffer that Portugal should offer to cede to France, part of the Province of Pará, on condition that that Power should assist her with Ships and Troops, by which she might be the better enabled to fetter our hands and extinguish our Rights? Can the high-minded Brazilians forget that a similar proposal, and for the same object, was made to England, accompanied by an offer to render the Treaty of Commerce of 1810 perpetual, and to give to that Country even still greater advan tages? To such an extent have the ill-will and bad policy of the Cortes proceeded!

The Congress of Lisbon, moreover, sparing no endeavour to op press and enslave us, have scattered abroad a band of secret Emissaries, who employ all the resources of cunning and perfidy to mislead the Publick mind, to disturb good order, and to foment disunion and anarchy in Brazil. Convinced of the just hatred which this Nation bears towards despotism, those perfidious Emissaries, in order to pervert publick opinion, unceasingly asperse the most pure and just actions of iny Government, and have the daring temerity to impute to me the desire of entirely separating Brazil from Portugal, and of reviving the ancient system of arbitrary power. Useless however is their attempt to disunite the Inhabitants of this Kingdom: the honourable Europeans who dwell in the same land with us, will not be ungrateful to the Country that has adopted them for its children, and which has honoured

and enriched them.

Not satisfied with this series of perfidy and atrocity, the factious of the Cortes have dared to insinuate that a great part of these disastrous measures have emanated from the Executive Power: as if the character of the King, of the Benefactor of Brazil, were capable of such machiavelian perfidy; as if Brazil, and the whole World, did not know that the Lord Don John the VIth, my August Father, is actually

a State Prisoner, under complete restraint, and without that free will which a true Monarch ought to possess, who enjoys the attributes belonging to his station, and which no Legitimate Constitution, however strict and distrustful, ought to withhold: it is known to all Europe, and to the whole World, that, amongst his Ministers, some are in a similar situation with himself, and that others are the creatures and partisans of the ruling Faction.

The persecutions and injustice of the Congress towards Brazil, doubtless, owe their existence to Parties, divided amongst themselves, but united against us. Some wish to force Brazil to separate herself from Portugal, in order thereby to give a death blow to the Constitutional System; others wish the same thing, because they are desirous of uniting themselves to Spain. It is not surprising, therefore, that in Portugal they should unblushingly write, and endeavour to prove, that that Kingdom will gain by the loss of Brazil.

Blinded with pride, or carried away by revenge and egotism, the Cortes would decide, with two strokes of the pen, a question of the greatest importance to the great Lusitanian Family; by establishing, without consulting the general wish of the Portuguese of both Hemispheres, the Seat of the Monarchy in Portugal, as if that smallest part of the Portuguese Territory, with its stationary and slender Population, should be the political and commercial centre of the whole Nation. If in States which are widely separated by Nature, but are united under the same Chief, it is requisite that the vital principle of their movements and energy should exist in the most central and powerful part of the great social body, in order that an impulse may be communicated throughout its whole extent, with the greatest speed and vigour, Brazil certainly possesses the incontestable right to have within herself the Seat of the Executive Power. In fact, this rich and vast Country, whose extended Coasts reach from 2 degrees on the other side of the Equator down to the River Plate, and are bathed by the Atlantick, is placed almost in the centre of the Globe, on the shores of the Great Canal, upon which passes the Commerce of Nations, and which is the bond that connects the 4 Quarters of the World. Brazil has, on its left, Europe, and the most considerable part of America; in its front, Africa; on its right, the rest of America, and Asia, with the immense Archipelago of Australia; and, in its rear, the Pacifick Ocean, with the Streights of Magellan and Cape Horn close at hand.

Who does not know that it is next to impossible to impart new life and energy to People grown old and feeble? Who does not know, at this time, that the good days of Portugal are passed, and that it is from Brazil alone that that small portion of the Monarchy can hope for certain support and renewed strength to recover her ancient virility? But Brazil will certainly be unable to afford her that succour, should senseless Men succeed in impairing its strength, in disuniting it, and in effecting its ruin.

Amidst such great and such a systematick series of absurdity and atrocity, what should be the conduct of Brazil? Can she imagine that the Cortes of Lisbon are ignorant of our rights and necessities? Certainly not; for there are Men, even amongst the factious themselves, who, although evil disposed, are not wholly ignorant. Ought Brazil to suffer, and to content herself, with solely soliciting, in a humble manner, a remedy for her misfortunes, from pitiless and selfish Does she not see that, though the Despots might be changed, the despotism would continue? Such conduct, besides being unwise and dishonourable, would precipitate Brazil into a fathomless gulph of misery; and Brazil once lost, the Monarchy is at an end.

hearts?

Placed by Providence in the midst of this vast and blessed Country, as the Heir and Legitimate Delegate of the King, my August Father, it is the first of my duties, not only to be zealous for the welfare of the Brazilian People, but also for that of the whole Nation, which I shall one day be called to govern. In order to fulfil these sacred obligations, I assented to the wish of the Provinces, which entreated me not to abandon them; and, desirous of being correct in all my resolutions, I consulted the general opinion of my Subjects, and caused Procurators General to be named and convoked, from all the Provinces, to counsel me in the affairs of State, and in those of their common interests. To give them a new proof of my sincerity and love, I afterwards accepted the title and duties of Perpetual Defender of this Kingdom, which the People have conferred upon me. And, finally, seeing the urgency of the moment, and hearing the universal voice of Brazil, which desired to be in safety, I ordered the convocation of a Constituent and Legislative Assembly, which should labour for its permanent happiness. I thus conformed with the wishes of the People, who consider my August Father and King as deprived of his liberty, and subject to the caprice of that band of factious Men who rule the Cortes of Lisbon, from whom it would be absurd to expect just measures, suited to the destinies of Brazil, or tending to the real good of the whole Portuguese Nation.

I should be ungrateful to the Brazilians,-I should be false to y promises, and unworthy of the name of Prince Royal of the United ngdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves, if I had acted in a difrent manner. I protest, at the same time, before God, and in the face all friendly and allied Nations, that I do not desire to break the ties f union and fraternity, which are calculated to render the Portuguese, one single, political, and well organized Nation. I declare also, that, when the due and just union of all parts of the Monarchy under one King, as Supreme Chief of the Executive Power of the Nation, shall be assured, I will defend the legitimate Rights and future Constitution of Brazil, which I hope will be sound and wise, with all my strength, and even at the expense of my blood, should it be necessary.

I have thus explained, with sincerity and conciseness, to the

Governments and Nations, to whom I have addressed myself in this Manifesto, the causes of the final resolution of the People of this Kingdom. If the King, Lord Don John the VIth, my August Father, were still in Brazil, and in the enjoyment of his liberty and Legitimate Authority, he would doubtless concur in the sentiments of this loyal and generous People; and the immortal Founder of this Kingdom, who, in February 1821, convoked the Brazilian Cortes in Rio de Janeiro, would not have failed to convoke them, upon this occasion, in the same manner that I have done. But, as our King is a prisoner and a captive, to me it belongs to rescue him from the ignominious situation to which he has been reduced by the factious of Lisbon ;to me it belongs, as his Delegate and Heir, to save not only Brazil, but the whole Portuguese Nation.

My firm resolution, and that of the Two Nations which I govern, has been lawfully promulgated. I hope that the wise and impartial Men of the whole World, and that the Governments and Nations friendly to Brazil, will render justice to such upright and noble sentiments. I invite them to continue to maintain with the Kingdom of Brazil the relations of mutual interest and amity. I shall be ready to receive their Ministers, and Diplomatic Agents, and to send them mine, so long as the captivity of the King, my August Father, shall last. The Ports of Brazil shall continue to be open to all pacifick and friendly Nations, for the licit Commerce which the Laws do not prohibit. European Colonists, who may emigrate hither, may rely upon the most perfect protection in this rich and hospitable Country. Learned Men, Artists, Capitalists, and Enterprizing Individuals, will also find friendship and a good reception. And, as Brazil knows how to respect the Rights of other Nations, and of Legitimate Governments, she hopes, as a just return, that her inalienable Rights will also be by them respected and acknowledged, and that she may not find herself, in the contrary case, under the painful necessity of acting at variance with the dictates of her generous heart. Palace of Rio de Janeiro, 6th August, 1822.

PRINCE REGENT.

MEMORIAL of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Spain to the Cortes.-1st March, 1822. (Translation.)

It is an honour and the greatest pleasure for me to inform the Cortes of the Kingdom, that the political relations of Spain with Foreign Powers in general continue of a friendly nature.

The Ratifications of the Treaty of Friendship, and for the arrangement of differences and boundaries, concluded on the 22d of February, 1819, between His Majesty and the United States of America, were ex

changed in Washington on the 22d of February, 1821. In compliance with what is stipulated in the IVth Article of the said Treaty, the King has appointed the Commission for Spanish Boundaries, which, in concert with that chosen by the Government of The United States, is to mark out the line of demarkation between the Territory of the Two Powers. The Spanish Commissioners charged with delivering over East and West Florida, within the period fixed by the VIIth Article of the Treaty, have met with some vexatious proceedings on the part of the American Authorities named by those Provinces. The King hopes that the Government of The United States will readily be induced to give the satisfaction which has been demanded, for a proceeding so little in unison with the relations of good friendship which subsist between the Two Powers, thereby confirming the expectation which His Majesty has cherished that the conclusion of the late Treaty will bind more closely the ties of amity which unite the two Nations.

We continue at Peace with the Governments of Barbary. The Regency of Algiers has recently renewed its ancient pretensions, and the Dey has laid claim, in strong terms, through the medium of a Letter which he addressed directly to His Majesty, to a sum of about 1,500,000 dollars, which he states to be due to him from Spain. An Expedition has been ordered to Algiers, consisting of 2 Ships of the National Fleet, which, accompanied by a portion of the Naval Forces of Holland, cruizing in the Mediterranean, are expected to bring about a happy issue to the friendly overture which the Spanish Government has made to the Dey. His Majesty has reason to hope that the Regency of Algiers will not object to a measure, dictated by justice, and recommended by mutual convenience to the two Governments.

With regard to the intestine dissensions which convulse the Empire of Morocco, His Majesty has determined to observe the strictest neutrality, without favouring either of the two Contending Parties, which, with alternate success, dispute the command of the Empire.

The Government of the Swiss Cantons has not evinced any opposition to the Measure decreed by the Cortes, for disbanding the Swiss Regiments which were in the Service of Spain, although the period has not expired which was fixed upon by the Capitulation of 1804. The Helvetic Government energetically demands the Indemnifications stipulated by the said Contract, in favour of the Individuals disbanded, and that of His Majesty hopes to conclude the transaction in a friendly manner, and satisfactorily to both Parties.

Our Minister at the Court of Russia has been recognized by His Imperial Majesty. By this measure the Diplomatick Relations of Spain with Russia are established, and we proceed in harmony with the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh.

The insalubrity of the climate of Sierra Leone has rendered it necessary to withdraw from that station the Spanish Individuals of the Mixed Commission established there, who are charged with the fulfil