OntologyRoutledge, 18 déc. 2014 - 352 pages The philosophical study of what exists and what it means for something to exist is one of the core concerns of metaphysics. This introduction to ontology provides readers with a comprehensive account of the central ideas of the subject of being. This book is divided into two parts. The first part explores questions of pure philosophical ontology: what is meant by the concept of being, why there exists something rather than nothing, and why there is only one logically contingent actual world. Dale Jacquette shows how logic provides the only possible answers to these fundamental problems. The second part of the book examines issues of applied scientific ontology. Jacquette offers a critical survey of some of the most influential traditional ontologies, such as the distinction between appearance and reality, and the categories of substance and transcendence. The ontology of physical entities - space, time, matter and causation - is examined as well as the ontology of abstract entities such as sets, numbers, properties, relations and propositions. The special problems posed by the subjectivity of mind and of postulating a god are also explored in detail. The final chapter examines the ontology of culture, language and art. |
Table des matières
| 1 | |
I Pure philosophical ontology | 11 |
II Applied ontology and the metaphysics of science | 155 |
Notes | 281 |
| 309 | |
| 329 | |
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actual world exists actually existent entities affairs answer the question applied ontology applied scientific ontology causal circularity combinatorial analysis combinatorial ontology combinatorial pure philosophical concept consider consistent proposition sets consistent states-of-affairs combination Da-sein distinct ence explain extant domain God’s Heidegger Heidegger’s logical objects logically necessary logically possible combinations logically possible objects logically possible properties logically possible world mathematical maximally consistent property maximally consistent proposition maximally consistent states-of-affairs means merely logically possible metaphysics mind modal logic modal semantics model set-theoretical non-actual merely logically numbers objects and properties Ockham’s razor ontic sciences ontic status ontically neutral ontological commitments particular phenomenology physical entities predication subjects predicational completeness predicationally incomplete preferred existence domain property dualism pure logic pure philosophical ontology qualia qualia and intentionality quantum quantum indeterminacy Quine Quine’s relations sense sentences spacetime spatiotemporal submaximally consistent substance substance dualism supervenience supposed theory things Third Man Argument thought tion transcendent