Electromagnetics and the Environment: Remote Sensing and Telecommunications

absorption acoustic aircraft altitude angle antenna applications atmosphere attenuation auroral backscatter band bandwidth beamwidth calculated climate coefficient collector communication concentration considered corresponding D region determined developed dielectric constant direction Doppler earth earth's atmosphere echoes effects electric electromagnetic spectrum electromagnetic waves electron density emission engineering environment environmental equation factor FIGURE FM-CW radars frequency range Fresnel zone function given heat height IEEE incident index of refraction infrared ionization ionosonde ionosphere Landsat layer lidar magnetic field measured microwave noise temperature obtain operation optical particles path phase pollution propagation pulse radar radio radiometer ratio rays receiver reference reflection region remote sensing rotation satellite scattering signal solar energy solar radiation spectrum sunspot surface target techniques telecommunications temperature inversion thermal tion transmission transmitted troposphere United utilized variations velocity vertical W/m² water vapor wavelength wind York