History of Industrial Gases

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Springer Science & Business Media, 31 janv. 2003 - 472 pages
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Starting at the dawn of science, History of Industrial Gases traces the development of gas theory from its Aristotelian roots to its modern achievements as a global industry. Dr. Almqvist explores how environmental protection, geographical areas, and the drive for higher purity and efficiency affected development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and how they will influence the future of this rapidly expanding industry. The roles of major contributing companies are also discussed to provide an informative and thought-provoking treatise valuable to anyone who studies or works in this fascinating field.
 

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Table des matières

Introduction
1
From Aristotle to the Birth of Modern Chemistry
7
Background
47
Century
71
The Development of Industrial Gas Technology
137
Development of the Industrial Gas Business
187
Expansion of the Industrial Gas Business
303
How New Gas Applications were Developed
343
Figure References
441
Institutional Index
447
Name Index
455
Subject Index
463
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Page 64 - The feeling of it to my lungs was not sensibly different from that of common air, but I fancied that my breast felt peculiarly light and easy for some time afterwards. Who can tell but that, in time, this pure air may become a fashionable article in luxury? Hitherto only two mice and myself have had the privilege of breathing it (24).
Page 343 - Oh, Tom! such a gas has Davy discovered, the gaseous oxyde! Oh, Tom! I have had some; it made me laugh and tingle in every toe and finger tip. Davy has actually invented a new pleasure, for which language has no name. Oh, Tom! I am going for more this evening; it makes one strong, and so happy! so gloriously happy!
Page 402 - I suppose we shall soon travel by air-vessels; make air instead of sea-voyages; and at length find our way to the moon in spite of the want of atmosphere.
Page 123 - The blaze of crimson light from the tube told its own story, and it was a sight to dwell upon and never to forget. It was worth the struggle of the previous two years; and all the difficulties yet to be overcome before the research was finished.
Page 40 - I have well considered all that my opponents have advanced, and feel perfectly confident of the ground I stand upon. . . . Though nearly alone I am under no apprehension of defeat.
Page 343 - Davy has actually invented a new pleasure for which language has no name. I am going for more this evening ; it makes one strong, and so happy ! so gloriously happy ! . . . Oh, excellent air-bag !" If Southey drew inspiration from Davy's air-bag, could Davy do less than lend his ear to Southey's epic? They would stroll back to Martin Hall — so christened because the birds who love delicate air built under its eaves their "pendant beds...
Page 108 - From the brilliancy with which the new gas burns in contact with the atmosphere, it is, in the opinion of the author, admirably adapted for the purposes of artificial light if it can be procured at a cheap rate.
Page 23 - ... carrying out a series of experiments, that air really enters into the mixture of fire, and with it forms a constituent of flame and of sparks. I learned accordingly that a treatise like this, on fire, could not be drawn up with proper completeness without taking the air also into consideration. 4. Air is that fluid invisible substance which we continually breathe, which surrounds the whole surface of the earth, is very elastic, and possesses weight.
Page 123 - CM dwell upon and never forget. It was worth the struggle of the previous two years and all the difficulties yet to be overcome before the research was finished. The undiscovered gas had come to light in a manner which was no less than dramatic.
Page 143 - ... exchanger was insulated by a wood case filled with wool. Regenerative cooling proved to be the technological link needed to liquefy hydrogen. On 10 May 1898, James Dewar used it to become the first to statically liquefy hydrogen. Using liquid nitrogen he precooled gaseous hydrogen, under 180 atmospheres, then expanded it through a valve in an insulated vessel, also cooled by liquid nitrogen. The expanding hydrogen produced about 20 cubic centimeters of liquid hydrogen, about 1 percent of the...

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