UN, UNE, one, a or an; UNS, UNES, | Vous, ye, you, yourself, yourselves,

The four Latin conjugations end in are, ère, ère and ire in their infinitive
mood, and the French in er, ir, oir and re:

Latin ARE into French er, AMARE, aimer, to love (see page 112).

ERE

-

ĚRE

--

IRE

oir, (often) VIDERE, voir, to see; DEBERE, devoir,

to owe; HABERE, avoir, to have.

ir, re, oir, (often) REGERE, régir, to rule; DICERE,
dire, to say; BIBERE, boire, to drink; PERCI-
PERE, percevoir, to receive, and others in oir,
from capere.

ir (often), VENIRE, venir, to come; FINIRE, finir,
to finish.

Several French verbs are from the past participle or supine. Thus,
OSER, to dare, from ausus, past participle of audere.

ADVERBS.

AILLEURS, elsewhere, aliorsùm (Alio | COMME, as, how, COMMENT, how,

loco, according to WEY).

AINSI, thus, in sic.

quả mente.
D'ABORD, first, DE ABORD.

ALENTOUR, around, à L' (endroit qui D'AILLEURS, from another cause, be-

est) EN (le) Tour.

ALORS, then, ad illam horam.
ARRIÈRE, behind, À RIÈRE, retro.
ASSEZ, enough, ad satis.
AUJOURD'HUI, today, AU JOUR DE
HUI, hujus (diei or temporis).
AUPARAVANT, before, À PAR AVANT.
AUPRÈS, near, À LE PRÈS.
AUSSI, as, also, ad sic.
AUSSITÔT, as soon, immediately,
AUSSI TÔT.

AUTANT, as much, alterum tantum.
AUTOUR, around, À LE TOUR.
AUTREFOIS, formerly, AUTRES FOIS.
Fois, vices (turns, courses, changes).
BEAUCOUP, much, bella copia.
BIEN, well, benè.

BIENTÔT, SOON, BIEN TÔT.
ÇA, hither, CE LÀ.

CEANS, within, hic intus.

CEPENDANT, meanwhile, CE

DANT.

CERTES, certainly, certè.
CI, here, hicce.

COMBIEN, how much

COMME BIEN.

sides, moreover, DE AILLEURS.
DAVANTAGE, more, DE AVANTAGE.
DEÇA, on this side, DE CÀ.
DEDANS, within, DE DANS.
DEHORS, outside, DE HORs.
DÉJÀ, already, de jam.

DELÀ, on that side, beyond, DE LÀ.
DEMAIN, tomorrow, de mane.
DERECHEF, again, DE RE CHEF.
DERRIÈRE, behind, de retro.
DÉSORMAIS, henceforth (Old French
DES-ORES-MAIS), de hac horâ magis.
DESSOUS, underneath, de sub.
DESSUS, upon, desuper.
DEVANT, before, de ante.
DORÉNAVANT, henceforth (Old
French DES-ORES-EN-AVANT), de
hác hora in ante.

ENCORE, still (Italian ancora), hác
horâ.

PEN-ENFIN, at last, in finem.

or many,

ENSEMBLE, together, in simùl.

ENSUITE, afterwards, EN SUite.

ENVIRON, about, EN VIRON (or GI-

RON), in gyrum.

EXPRÈS, on purpose, expressè.

GUÈRE, little, varium or avarè? (Teu-POINT (with ne expressed or under-

IMPROVISTE (à l'), on a sudden, un- PRÈS, near, præstò.

PREPOSITIONS.

1 Oui is also supposed to be a contraction of the old French lo voil, i. e. je
le veux, I am willing. Oui, voil, voglio, volio, volo. Country people in many
parts of France say even now voui, and in some provinces vouaill, for oui.

2 MENT, mente, from mens, is the termination of most adverbs formed

from adjectives, agréablement, sincèrement, etc. 3 See page 350.

DE, of or from, de.
DEPUIS, since, de positus.
DÈS, from, since, de.

DEVERS, towards, DE VERS.
DURANT, during, DURER.
EN, in, in.

ENTRE, between, inter.
ENVERS, towards, EN VERS.
Ès', in the, EN LES.

EXCEPTÉ, except, ex captus.
HORMIS, HORS, except, foris2.
INSTAR (À L'INSTAR DE), in the style
of, instar (like).
JUSQUE, as far as, usquè.
MALGRÉ, in spite of, malè gratus.
MOYENNANT, by means of, medianus.
NONOBSTANT, notwithstanding, non
obsto.

OUTRE, besides, ultra.

PAR, by, per.

PARMI, among, PAR MILIEU.
PENDANT, during, PENDRE.
POUR, for, pro.

QUANT À, as to, quantum ad.
SANS, without, sine.
SAUF, except, salvus.

SELON, according to, secundùm (se-
cundo loco?).
Sous, under, sub.

SUIVANT, according to, SUIVRE.
SUR, upon, super.

TOUCHANT, Concerning, TOUCHER.
VERS, towards, versus.

Voici, here is; voIs ICI, see here.
VOILÀ, there is; voIs LÀ, see there.
VIS-À-VIS, opposite, visus.
Vu, considering, VOIR.

CONJUNCTIONS.

CAR, because, for, quâ re (yap, gar?). | PARCE QUE, because, FAR CE QUE.
CEPENDANT, yet, however, CE PEN-

POURQUOI, wherefore, pro quod. ■
POURVU QUE, provided, proviso quod.
PUISQUE, since, posito que.
QUE, that, que.

QUOIQUE, though, quamquam (?).
SI, if, si.

SINON, otherwise, SI NON.
TANDIS QUE, whilst, tam diù que.
TOUTEFOIS, yet, however, TOUTES
FOIS, vices.

LATIN AND FRENCH PREFIXES.

AB, ABS, from, away; abjurer, to ab- | CONTRA, against, near; contredire,
jure; abstenir, to abstain.

to contradict.

AD, to, at (the d frequently suffers DE, from; départ5, departure.

a consonant-change); amener, to
bring; apporter, to bring.
AMB (AMBI), about, from side to side;
ambigu3, ambiguous.
ANTE, before, antécédent1.
CIRCON, round about; circonscrire,
to circumscribe.

CON, with; concourir, to concur.

1 Maître ès arts, Master of arts.
2 Tout est perdu fors l'honneur (all
is lost except honour), said Francis I.
after the battle of Pavia (in 1525).
3 Ambigo, I go about, I doubt.
4 Cedo, I yield.

DI, DIS, signifies asunder; diviser“,
to divide.

E, Ex, out; étendre, to extend.
EN, in; enterrer7, to bury.
EN, away; s'envolers, to fly away.
EXTRA, beyond, out of, extraordi-
naire.

FOR, out of; forfait, crime.

5 Partio, I divide, I separate.
6 Divido, formed of dis and the
Etruscan verb iduo, I separate.
7 Terra, the earth.
8 Volo, I fly.
9 Facio, I do.

ميلات

IN, into; incorporer, to incorporate. | SINE, without; sinécure, sinecure;
IN, not, inconstant.

INTER, between; intervenir, to in-
tervene.

OB, in front of; obvier1, to obviate.
PAR, PER, through, quite; parfait 2,
perfect, perspective3.
PRE, before, préface.

PRO, forth, forward, procession.
RE, again, back; relire, to read again.
RETRO, back; rétrograder, to retro-
grade.

SE, apart; séduire, to seduce1.

simple 5.

SUB, Sous, under; subjuguer, to
subdue; soumettre, to submit.
SUBTER, under, subterfuge.
SUPER, SUR, above, superfin, sur-
naturel.

TRANS, TRA, over, beyond; trans-
planter, to transplant; traverser,
to cross.

ULTRA, OUTRE, beyond; ultramon-
tain, ultramontane.

GREEK AND FRENCH PREFIXES.

A, a (a), without, abyme7, abyss.

AMPHI, ȧupi (amphi), both, amphibie3, amphibious.
ANA, avà (ana), back, again, analyse, analysis.
ANTI, ȧvTì (anti), against, antipathie1o, antipathy.
APо, άnò (apo), from, Apocryphell, Apocrypha.
CATA, Kara (kata), against, catastrophe12
DIA, dià (dia), through, across, diagonale13.
EPI, ET (epi), upon, over, épiderme, epidermis 14.
Eu, ev (eu), well, good, évangile 15 (good tidings), gospel.
HYPER, Vπep (huper), above, beyond, hyperbole 16.
HYPO, UTÒ (hupo), under, hypothèse17.

META, μETà (meta), beyond, métaphysique18.

MONO, póvos (monos), one, alone, monologue 19.

PARA, Tapa (para), side by side, similar, paraphrase 20.

PENTA, TEVTE (pente), five, pentagone 13.

PERI, Tepi (peri), round about, périphrase20.

POLY, TOXUS (polus), several, polysyllabe21.

PSEUDO, Levons (pseudés), false, pseudonyme22, pseudonymous.

SYN, ovv (sun), with, sympathie1o.

MÉS, MÉ AND MI, FRENCH PREFIXES.

MÉs, or мÉ, a prefix of Teutonic origin, mis, signifying contrary to, wrong;
mésintelligence, misunderstanding; mécontent, dissatisfied.

MI- half, from the Latin medius (MI-AOÛT, middle of August).

In the Exercises.-Art. or (the) between parentheses shows that the definite article is to be used in French. The words (of the) are also in a few instances between parentheses, and show that du, de la, de l', or des are to be used in French. With the exception of personal pronouns used with verbs in the imperative mood; as, come (thou), have (ye), a single word between parentheses is to be translated, though not used in English. In instances where several English words are inclosed in parentheses, they must be rendered by the word or words only which are placed under them. denotes that the English word is like the French.

The figures between parentheses, thus (121.), refer to the rule applicable to the sentence.

* under a word, shows that it is not to be expressed in French.