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language been considered and treated that it must ensure not only a rapid, but also a thorough knowledge of the language.

The salient features of this work are: 1. The principles are first revealed in carefully chosen examples, and the deduced rules made so evident that the student may formulate them or at least reformulate them at will.

2. The exercises are so arranged as to fully illustrate all important points, with constant reviews of the old, while advancing to new principles.

3. The exercises consist mainly of needful words and useful expressions in every-day speech, enriched by many illustrations relating to facts of practical science, history, geography, and other departments of knowledge.

4. The question form has been given to these examples in order that the student may put his acquired vocabulary into practice even while busy with the application of any rule in grammar or composition.

5. Heavy type has been used for the essential rules, the variable inflections and agreements of words, etc., so as to engage the eye and facilitate the task of memory according to the maxim: Nihil est in intellectu quod non fuerit in sensu.

Special attention is called to the chapters treating of the use of the article, the position of the objective personal pronouns in the sentence, and the treatment of the verb, particularly the reflexive and irregular verbs.

In the preparation of the work both authors have been engaged, but it is only just to Prof. Rougemont to state here that, while an outgrowth of the preceding books of the series, this grammar is yet largely indebted to him for its existence. His industry has hastened the appearance of the book before the public to which it is now handed for considerate treatment, profitable use, and generous support.

J. H. WORMAN.

ADELPHI ACADEMY, BROOKLYN, N. Y., July, 1883.

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CHAPITRE PRÉLIMINAIRE.

L'ALPHABET.

1. L'alphabet français comprend vingt-six lettres dont voici la prononciation telle qu'on l'enseigne communément dans les écoles en France à présent. Nous donnons aussi, vis-à-vis, l'ancienne prononciation qui est encore fort usitée.

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1 La lettre h n'a pas de prononciation propre parce qu'elle ne se fait pas sentir réellement. On lui conserve ordinairement le nom ancien ache. 2 Le nom de cette lettre est double v (vé). Le w ne se trouve que dans les mots tirés ou de l'anglais,-et alors il se prononce à peu près ои ou de l'allemand, et alors il a la prononciation v. Ex. Tramway (tram-ouay); Weber (Vé-berr).

3 Comme se dans rose.

Remarques sur la prononciation.

2. A se prononce généralement comme dans le mot anglais rabble. Ex. table, fable, malade. Il a la prononciation de a dans father seulement quand il est surmonté d'un accent circonflexe, comme dans âne, pâte.

3. Il y a trois sortes d'e: l'e muet, dont le son est peu ou point sensible, comme dans monde, je prie ; l'é fermé comme dans été, pécher; et l'è ouvert comme dans succès, promesse.

4. O suivi d'une syllabe muette a généralement le son de l'o anglais dans not. Ex. porte, note. Dans le corps d'un mot, et suivi d'une seule consonne, o se prononce le plus souvent1 comme dans poet. Ex. local, poli. Avec l'accent circonflexe, ô est long. Ex. apôtre.

5. Y après une consonne se prononce. Ex. système; et après une voyelle, comme deux ¿ (i-i). Ex. pays, voyez (pai-is, voi-iez).

6. H est dite muette quand elle n'empêche ni l'élision (voir p. 12, ¶ 14) ni la liaison. Ainsi on dit l'habit (labi) et les habits (lézabi), H est dite aspirée quand la voyelle finale du mot précédent ne peut être élidée et que ce mot se prononce sé, parément. Ex. la hauteur, les héros.2

7. La consonne 7 est mouillée, c'est-à-dire qu'elle

1 Il n'y a pas de règle absolue pour la prononciation de la lettre o. 2 Sans la séparation, la prononciation serait les zéros !

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