came (have come). ing (ourselves). 7. 6. We had lain down without undressThey had taken the wrong road, and arrived very late. 8. He will not have risen, when we (shall) arrive there. 9. They would not have gone to bed, if they had expected us. 10. You would not have recollected that, if I had not spoken of it. 11. I am glad that recollected that. 12. I wish that we had dressed before breakfast. you THIRTY-THIRD LESSON. IMPERSONAL VERBS. 1. An impersonal verb is only used in the third person singular, and is conjugated with the pronoun il, it, for subject. Verbs are essentially impersonal when they cannot be used as personal verbs. Such verbs take, in the compound tenses, the auxiliary verb avoir. CONJUGATION OF THE IMPERSONAL VERB. TONNER, TO THUNDER.-(MODEL VERB.) REM. Verbs that express the condition of the atmosphere are impersonal. 2. Faire,t To Do, TO MAKE, AND ÊTRE, TO BE, AS IMPERSONAL VERBS. Faire is used as an impersonal verb, to express the state of the weather. Quel temps fait-il ? Il fait mauvais temps. Il fait chaud; froid. Il fait de l'orage. Il fait des éclairs. How is the weather? It is fine weather. It is bad weather. It is warm; cold. It is stormy. Etre is used as an impersonal verb, to express the hour of the day. Quelle heure est-il ? Il est trois heures. What time is it? It is three o'clock. + Faire is conjugated page 185, Etre is also used as an impersonal verb in connection with the noun temps, time, and with adjectives and adverbs: il est temps, it is time; il est bon, it is good; il est bien, it is well. These and other impersonal phrases, if followed by a verb in the infinitive, require the preposition de before the verb. Il est temps de partir. Il est bon de savoir cela. Il est bien de faire cela. It is time to start. It is good to know that. It is well to do that. 3. CONJUGATION OF THE IRREGULAR IMPERSONAL VERBS. Y AVOIR, TO BE (IN EXISTENCE). — FALLOIR, TO BE NECESSARY. PLEUVOIR, TO RAIN. (We give only the simple tenses, and omit the English, which the student can easily supply.) 4. FALLOIR, TO BE NECESSARY, MUST. Falloir is either followed by a verb in the infinitive, or by que and a verb in the subjunctive mode. When falloir (must) in construed with the infinitive, the subject of the English verb must, is, in French, the indirect object of the verb falloir. T Que me faut-il faire ? Il vous faut rester tranquille. What must I do? You must keep quiet. The subject is omitted when it is of a general character; and generally, also, when the meaning is sufficiently obvious without it. Il faut travailler pour réussir. Faut-il aller à la banque ? It is necessary to work in order to to succeed. Must I go to the bank? Falloir is also used in the sense of to want. Il faut y aller. Exercise 33. 1. Quel temps fait-il? 2. Il fait beau temps; il fait chaud. 3. Il fait mauvais temps; il pleut. 4. Il a neigé pendant la nuit; il fait froid. 5. Il grêle à présent. 6. Il gèlera cette nuit. 7. Demain il dégèlera. 8. Il tonne et il fait 11. Il a plu toute la nuit. 12. Il est temps de se lever, 9. Il va pleuvoir. 10. Il pleuvra beaucoup. des éclairs. 14. Il est utile de savoir monde à 17. Il y 18. Que 13. Il est bon de savoir cela. plusieurs langues. 15. Il y avait beaucoup de l'église. 16. Il y aura peu de fruit cette année. aurait beaucoup de monde ici, s'il ne pleuvait pas. me faut-il faire? 19. Il vous faut étudier. 20. Il faut rester tranquille. 21. Il faut se bien comporter pour être respecté. 22. Que faut-il à votre frère? 23. Il lui faut de l'argent. 24. J'ai tout ce qu'il me faut. 25. C'est comme il faut. Theme 33. 3. It is 1. Is it raining? 2. No, sir, it is fine weather. warm. 4. It was (has been) cold during the night. 5. It froze (has frozen). 6. It snows now. 7. I like (the) snow better than (the) rain. 8. It hails. 9. It is going to thaw. 10. Is that thunder? 11. Yes, it thunders and lightens. 12. It will rain soon. 13. It is time to go to bed. 14. It is well to know several languages. 15. In order to know them, it is necessary to study them. 16. There was company in the parlor, when I came in. 17. There will be many peaches this year. 18. There would not be anybody here, if it rained as it did (has done) yesterday. 19. James did not behave (has not behaved) well. 20. You must tell it to his father. 21. What do you want? 22. I want some gloves. THIRTY-FOURTH LESSON. IRREGULAR VERBS. 1. There are, besides the auxiliary verbs avoir and être, forty-four irregular forms of conjugation, and about two hundred and eighty irregular verbs, which are conjugated |