Réparer, to repair; to amend; Puis, then; et puis, and next; to make amends for. CONJUNCTIONS. what next. Exercise 46. 1. Vous savez aussi bien que moi qu'on nous attend, cependant vous ne vous dépêchez pas. 2. Aussitôt que je me serai habillé, nous partirons. 3. Nous arriverons avant que mon oncle soit levé. 4. Depuis que mon + These conjunctions require the verb in the subjunctive mode. ami est parti, plusieurs personnes sont venues le demander. 5. Puisque vous le désirez, je remettrai ce voyage à demain. 6. Je suis content, pourvu que vous le soyez. 7. Étudiez tandis que vous êtes jeunes; quand vous serez grands, vous n'aurez, peut-être, ni le temps, ni les mêmes occasions que vous avez à présent, de vous livrer à l'étude. 8. Bien que vous soyez jeunes et riches, ne comptez pas trop sur ces avantages. 9. Je ne parviendrai jamais à traduire ce thème sans que vous m'aidiez. INTERJECTIONS. 10. Hélas! que vais-je faire? 11. Ha! vous voilà bien à propos; vous allez me tirer d'embarras. 12. Oh! que c'est beau! 13. Chut! on vient. 14. Hé bien! que fites-vous alors? 15. Eh bien ! vous avez donc réussi à la fin. Theme 46. CONJUNCTIONS. 1. I was mistaken as well as you, however, I hope to make amends for my fault. 2. When one is young, one is too confiding. 3. I have not seen my uncle, since you spoke of that to me. 4. Since I am ready, I will start. 5. Nevertheless, if you wish it, I will wait till tomorrow. 6. I show you this letter, in order that you may understand my situation. 7. You do not make haste, although you know that I am in a hurry. 8. As soon as 9. Let us read while we are you are ready, we will start. waiting. 10. Let us study, if we wish to acquire useful knowledge, for (the) time flies (s'enfuit), and you know that it will not return again (plus). INTERJECTIONS. 11. Alas! that is a great misfortune. 12. Hallo! is there nobody at home? 13. Hey then! what next? 14. Oh! that is magnificent. will be the end of the story. 15. Well then! that SYNTAX. FORTY-SEVENTH LESSON. THE NOUN. 1. A noun in a sentence is either the subject of a verb, the object of a transitive verb, called direct object; or the object of a preposition, called indirect object. (See Introduction, p. 17; 2, 6, etc.) A noun may also be used in close connection with another word, so as to express with it but one idea; as avoir besoin, to have need (to need); avec politesse, with politeness (politely). A verb and a noun closely connected are equivalent to a neuter verb. Demander pardon, to beg pardon. Rendre service, to oblige. 2. IDIOMS WITH AVOIR, To Have, and a NoUN. In some French expressions avoir, to have, is used with a noun; whereas in the equivalent English expressions to be is used with an adjective. Avoir, to have, is also used in the following expressions: Qu'y a-t-il ? Il n'y a rien. Qu'avez-vous ? Je n'ai rien, What is the matter? Nothing is the matter. A noun is used adjectively (1.) When it stands in apposition with another noun, as : Télémaque, fils d'Ulysse. Telemachus, the son of Ulysses. (2.) After a neuter verb when it qualifies the subject of the verb. Son père était médecin. Il est devenu soldat. His father was a physician. He has become a soldier. (3.) When it is an adjunct of another noun which it describes, as: Un maître de danse. Un chemin de fer. A dancing-master. A railroad. (4.) When it is descriptive of the use or purpose of an object, or states the means by which the object is put in motion, as: Du papier à lettre. Une chaise à bascule. Une machine à vapeur. Un moulin à vent. 4. Letter paper. A wind-mill. PLURAL OF COMPOUND NOUNS AND OF PROPER NOUNS. When two nouns, or a noun and an adjective, form a compound noun, both component parts take the plural ending, as : Un chou-fleur, des choux-fleurs. A cauliflower; cauliflowers. hommes. Un monsieur; des messieurs. A gentleman; gentlemen. When a compound noun is formed of two nouns connected by a preposition, the first of the two nouns only takes the plural ending, as : Un chef-d'œuvre ; des chefs- A master-piece; master-pieces. d'œuvre. Un arc-en-ciel; des arcs-en-ciel. A rainbow; rainbows. Verbs and invariable parts of speech used substantively, or forming a part of a compound noun, are the same in the plural as in the singuiar. Un porte-crayon; des porte-cray- A pencil-case; pencil-cases. ons. Les si et les pourquoi. The ifs and the wherefores. Proper names of persons are the same in the plural as in the singular. Les deux Corneille. The two Corneilles. 5. AN, ANNÉE, YEAR; JOUR, Journée, Day, etc. An, year; jour, day; matin, morning, and soir, evening, are masculine nouns, and année, year; journée, day; matinée, morning, and soirée, evening, are feminine nouns. The masculine nouns express divisions of time, as a unit. They are used in counting and in adverbial expressions: trois ans, three years; tous les ans, every year; tous les jours, every day; le matin, the morning or in the morning; le soir, the evening or in the evening. The feminine nouns express periods of time with reference to their duration : toute l'année, the whole year; cette année, this year; toute une journée, a whole day; la matinée, the morning time; une soirée, an evening, or an evening party. 6. REMARK ON THE PLURAL NOUN GENS, PEOPLE. The plural noun gens, people, is of the masculine gender, but, by a singular rule, the adjectives which precede it, must be in the feminine, and those that follow it, in the masculine gender: Les vieilles gens sont soupçonneux, old people are distrustful. The compound nouns, gens de lettres, literary men; gens de bien, good people, etc., are not subject to the above rule. La tête, the head. Le mal, evil; pain; sore. Vocabulary 47. Le mal de tête, the headache. |