....

REM. 1. The negative conjugation is formed with ne . pas. Ne is placed before the verb, and pas after it (28-3). In compound tenses, ne stands before the auxiliary verb, and pas between the auxiliary and the past participle: Je n'ai pas; Je n'ai pas eu. See also Lesson

Twenty-ninth.

REM. 2. A verb is conjugated interrogatively, by placing the pronoun subject, with a hyphen, after the verb. See, for full treatment Lesson Twenty-ninth.

Vocabulary 22.

Le bonheur, good luck; good for- Congé, (m.), leave; permission; tune.

Le malheur, bad luck; misfor

tune.

Le plaisir, the pleasure.

La bonté, the kindness.

La prudence, the prudence.
Beau temps, fine weather.

La pluie, the rain.

De l'orage (m.), a storm.

Le prix, the price; the prize:
La promenade, the walk; walk-
ing; aller à la promenade, to
go for a walk.

avoir congé, to have leave; to

have a holiday.

Avoir besoin de, to have need of.
Avoir soint de, to take care of.
Avoir envie de, to have a wish
(for); a desire, a mind (to).
Fermer, to shut.

Perdre, to lose.

Dîner, to dine.

Dernier, dernière,‡ last.
Prudent, prudent.

Si (s' before il and ils), if; whether.
Je voudrais, I should like; I wish.

thou mayst have my dictionary, whereas the proper English is, I do not wish thee to have my dictionary. And again the following sentence taken from Theme 22: He wishes that I should have pleasure, might lead the learner to suppose that should have is to be translated by the conditional mode, whereas the present of the subjunctive is required. In translating from French into English, the student should, regardless of the French construction, give the correct English; and again, in translating from English into French, he should not adhere to the words in the English text, but rather be guided, for the present, by the heading of the section, and construe the French sentences accordingly.

+ We say in French: J'ai bien soin, for, I take good care, using an adverb instead of an adjective, because the expression avoir soin is equivalent to a verb. Dernier, last, meaning the preceding, is placed after the noun; lundi dernier, last Monday,

Exercise 22.

IMPERFECT TENSE. 1. J'avais envie ce matin d'aller à la promenade. 2. Tu n'avais pas le temps de sortir. 3. Il avait à travailler pour son père. 4. Nous avions beaucoup à faire. 5. Vous n'aviez pas besoin d'acheter ce livre; nous l'avions déjà. 6. Ils n'avaient pas envie de venir avec nous. PAST DEFINITE TENSE. 7. Hier, j'eus le plaisir de recevoir une lettre de mes parents. 8. Lundi dernier, nous eûmes le bonheur d'être tous ensemble. 9. La semaine dernière, ces enfants eurent le malheur de perdre leur père.

FUTURE TENSE. 10. Aurai-je besoin du parapluie? 11. Tu en auras besoin. 12. Aura-t-il soin de son petit frère? 13. Il aura bien soin de lui. 14. Aurons-nous beau temps? 15. Vous aurez de la pluie. 16. Ils auront de l'orage.

CONDITIONAL MODE. 17. J'aurais du plaisir, si j'avais congé. 18. Tu aurais un prix, si tu avais travaillé. 19. Il en aurait eu un, s'il avait été studieux. 20. Nous aurions eu nos thèmes, si nous n'avions pas été malades. 21. Vous auriez de l'argent, si vous aviez travaillé. 22. Ils n'auraient pas eu besoin de travailler, s'ils avaient été prudents.

IMPERATIVE MODE. 23. Aie la patience d'attendre. 24. Ayez la bonté de fermer la porte. 25. Ayons du courage et de la prudence.

SUBJUNCTIVE MODE, PRESENT TENSE. 26. Il veut que j'aie soin de ces oiseaux. 27. Je ne veux pas que tu aies mon dictionnaire. 28. J'aime que vous ayez du plaisir. 29. Il ne pense pas que nous ayons du courage.

IMPERFECT TENSE. 30. Je voudrais que vous eussiez un peu de patience, qu'il eût du courage, que nous eussions de

See foot-note, p. 94,

l'argent, que vous eussiez de la prudence, et qu'ils eussent la bonté d'étudier leurs leçons.

Theme 22.

IMPERFECT TENSE. 1. I had to work. 2. Thou hadst a wish to go for a walk. 3. He had no time to go with thee. 4. We had letters to write. 5. You had not the patience to wait for us. 6. They had nothing to do.

PAST DEFINITE TENSE. 7. Last Monday, I had the good fortune to meet my friend Julius. 8. We had the pleasure of dining together. 9. He had the misfortune to lose his watch-chain. 10. Last week, my cousins had the kindness to send us some beautiful flowers.

FUTURE TENSE. 11. I shall have a holiday to-morrow. 12. Thou wilt have pleasure. 13. He will have need of an umbrella. 14. We shall not have any rain. 15. You will have a (de l') storm. 16. I think (that) they will have fine weather.

CONDITIONAL MODE. 17. I would have courage, if I had money. 18. Thou wouldst have money, if thou hadst worked. 19. He would have had a holiday, if he had had a prize. 20. We should have pleasure, if we had a holiday. 21. You would not take care of your money, if you had any. 22. They would have had a great deal of pleasure, if they had been with us.

IMPERATIVE MODE. 23. Have (sing.) the kindness to shut the door. 24. Have (plur.) the patience to wait for us. 25. Let us have prudence.

SUBJUNCTIVE MODE, PRESENT TENSE. 26. He wishes that I should have pleasure, that thou shouldst have

+ See foot-note, p. 94.

patience, that he should have courage, that we should have prudence.

SUBJUNCTIVE MODE, IMPERFECT TENSE. 27. I wish (Je voudrais) that you had courage, that we had good luck, that he had patience, that they had all their books.