Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference SurveyThis second volume of John Holm's Pidgins and Creoles provides an overview of the socio-historical development of each of some one hundred known pidgins and creoles. Each variety is grouped according to the language from which it drew its lexicon - Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, English, African and other languages. John Holm convincingly demonstrates the historical and linguistic reasons for this organisation, which also enables the reader to perceive with ease the interrelationship of all varieties within each group. The section devoted to each variety provides a discussion of its salient linguistic features and presents a brief text, usually of connected discourse, with a morpheme-by-morpheme translation. Readers thus have access to data from all known pidgins and creoles in the world, and the volume provides possibly the most comprehensive reference source on pidginization and creolization yet available. The emphasis of John Holm's first volume was on linguistic structure and theory. Each volume can be read independently, but together the two volumes of Pidgins and Creoles provide a major survey of current pidgin and creole linguistics which lays new foundations for research in the field. |
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Table des matières
LXVIII | 432 |
LXIX | 433 |
LXX | 438 |
LXXI | 442 |
LXXII | 444 |
LXXIII | 446 |
LXXIV | 450 |
LXXV | 452 |
| 278 | |
| 280 | |
| 281 | |
| 282 | |
| 284 | |
| 285 | |
| 288 | |
| 290 | |
| 291 | |
| 293 | |
| 296 | |
| 299 | |
| 304 | |
| 305 | |
| 309 | |
| 310 | |
| 312 | |
| 316 | |
| 322 | |
| 325 | |
| 329 | |
| 333 | |
| 335 | |
XXXIII | 338 |
XXXIV | 345 |
XXXV | 347 |
XXXVI | 350 |
XXXVII | 353 |
XXXVIII | 356 |
XXXIX | 359 |
XL | 360 |
XLI | 362 |
XLII | 368 |
XLIV | 369 |
XLVI | 371 |
XLVIII | 373 |
XLIX | 374 |
L | 375 |
LI | 376 |
LII | 378 |
LIII | 379 |
LIV | 381 |
LV | 382 |
LVI | 387 |
LVII | 391 |
LVIII | 396 |
LX | 400 |
LXI | 401 |
LXII | 403 |
LXIII | 405 |
LXIV | 406 |
LXV | 412 |
LXVI | 421 |
LXVII | 426 |
LXXVI | 455 |
LXXVII | 457 |
LXXVIII | 459 |
LXXIX | 461 |
LXXX | 466 |
LXXXI | 468 |
LXXXII | 469 |
LXXXIII | 473 |
LXXXIV | 475 |
LXXXV | 477 |
LXXXVI | 479 |
LXXXVII | 480 |
LXXXVIII | 482 |
LXXXIX | 484 |
XC | 485 |
XCI | 487 |
XCII | 488 |
XCIII | 491 |
XCIV | 494 |
XCV | 498 |
XCVI | 503 |
XCVII | 506 |
XCVIII | 510 |
XCIX | 512 |
C | 517 |
CI | 526 |
CII | 529 |
CIII | 534 |
CIV | 536 |
CV | 538 |
CVI | 541 |
CVII | 544 |
CVIII | 546 |
CIX | 552 |
CX | 555 |
CXI | 557 |
CXII | 559 |
CXIII | 561 |
CXIV | 562 |
CXV | 564 |
CXVI | 568 |
CXVII | 571 |
CXVIII | 572 |
CXIX | 574 |
CXX | 577 |
CXXI | 578 |
CXXII | 579 |
CXXIII | 581 |
CXXIV | 584 |
CXXV | 587 |
CXXVI | 590 |
CXXVII | 593 |
CXXVIII | 595 |
Expressions et termes fréquents
Afrikaans American Antillean Arabic Atlantic creoles Barbados basilectal Bazaar Malay became Berbice Bickerton Black English British brought Cape Caribbean Chinese coast colony Creole English Creole French creole languages creole Portuguese creolized decreolization descendants developed dialect Dutch early eighteenth century English-based established European Fijian German groups Guiana Gulf of Guinea Gullah Haitian Hancock Hawaiian Hiri Motu ibid idem immigrants Indians indigenous inflections influence inhabitants islands Jamaica Jargon Krio laborers later lexical lexicon lingua franca Lingua Geral linguistic mainland marker native Ndjuka Negerhollands nineteenth century notes nouns Papia Kristang Papiamentu phonology Pidgin English pidgins and creoles plantations plural population pronoun Reinecke restructured English Reunionnais River Russenorsk Saramaccan settled settlement settlers seventeenth century Sierra Leone slaves sociolinguistic South Spanish speak speakers speech Sranan standard substrate sugar Suriname Swahili Tok Pisin trade Trinidad varieties of creole verb vowels West Africa whites words
Fréquemment cités
Page 470 - The Creole language is not confined to the negroes. Many of the ladies, who have not been educated in England, speak a sort of broken English, with an indolent drawling out of their words, that is very tiresome if not disgusting.
Page 270 - In Upper Guinea, which may be roughly defined as the region between the river Senegal and Cape Palmas, Portuguese traders and exiled criminals (degredados) frequented many of the rivers and creeks, often penetrating a considerable distance into the interior. Many of them settled in the Negro villages, where they and their Mulatto descendants functioned as principals or as intermediaries in the barter trade for gold, ivory and slaves, between black and white.
Page 460 - Early English-speaking immigrants included British landowners and administrators as well as black veterans of the British army, including demobilized West India Regiment soldiers and escaped slaves from the United States who had fought on the British side in the war of 1812. Later these were joined by emancipated laborers from Barbados (Winer 1984).
Page 414 - peak a me like Settler-girl ? why for you done curse me wid Maroon word ? pish, phoo, for true ; me sabby de English good ; no talk bad-palaver like Maroon girl...
Page 439 - Originally a corrupted Portuguese was spoken on the many Jewish-owned plantations, but it has now... almost disappeared. It is only spoken by one tribe of the free Bush Negroes, the so-called Saramaccans on the upper Suriname River, most of whom originally came from these plantations
Page 382 - Haiti forms the western third of the island of Hispaniola which it shares with the Dominican Republic.
Page 337 - Up to thirty years ago this was the common idiom of many rural districts in northern New Jersey, employed alike by Dutch, English, German, and French settlers. It has, during the past three decades, been driven from its former territory by the public schools, and now survives only in the memories of some two hundred old persons, nearly all of whom are over seventy years old.
Page 470 - Vices which these unthinking Creatures can teach : Then perhaps he goes to School ; but young Master must not be corrected ; if he learns, 'tis well ; if not, it can't be helped.
Page 341 - There is a custom here among all our people that when these natives [ie the Hottentots] learn the Dutch language and speak it, in their manner very badly and hardly intelligibly, our people imitate them in this so that, as the children of our Dutchmen also fall into the habit, a broken language is founded which it will be impossible to overcome later on.
Page 375 - They describe the situation as representing "a gradual shift of a population from a French-Patois like vernacular to a creolized English as their native language, via an intermediate stage of standard English as a second language in the classroom.

