INSTANT FUTURE. Is there or are there going to be? va-t-il y avoir? PAST, OR Compound of the present. INTERROGATIVELY AND NEGATIVELY. INDICATIVE. PRESENT. Is or are there not? n'y a-t-il pas ? PRESENT ANTERIOR, OR IMPERFECT. PRESENT ANTERIOR PERIODICAL, OR PRETERITE. PRESENT POSTERIOR, OR FUTURE. PAST, OR COMPOUND OF THE PRESENT. Has there or have there not been? n'y a-t-il pas eu? PAST ANTERIOR, OR COMPOUND OF THE IMPERFECT. Had there not been? n'y avait-il pas eu? PAST ANTERIOR PERIODICAL, OR COMPOUND OF THE PRETERITE. Had there not been? n'y eut-il pas eu? PAST POSTERIOR, OR COMPOUND OF THE FUTURE. Shall there not have been? n'y aura-t-il pas eu' PAST JUST ELAPSED. Has there or have there not just been? ne vient-il pas d'y avoir ? FUTURE INDEFINITF Is there or are there not to be? ne doit-il pas y avoir? INSTANT FUTURE. Is there or are there not going to be? ne va-t-il pas y avoir? CONDITIONAL. PRESENT Should there not be? n'y aurait-il pas? PAST, OR COMPOUND of the preSENT. Should there not have been? n'y aurait-il pas eu? REMARK. Such other verbs as are conjugated in the third person singular are called impersonals; but this denomination, which was intended to characterize those verbs, is improperly applied,-for the word impersonal means what is without person, which is not the case with respect to those verbs, which admit of the pronoun il, and this word represents a subject understood, which must exist; for verbs have been introduced to speak of the existence of subjects, together with an attribute. When we say, for instance, il pleut, it rains, it represents such a subject as heaven, sky, atmosphere, weather, &c.; and the expression it rains, implies that the heavens or skies issue or pour rain. Had the Romans, when they used the word pluit, been asked, what rains? they would have readily replied, cælum. The term impersonal can only be given to the infinitive mood, which is indeed without person. Wailly and Beauzée are, therefore, very correct in denominating the infinitive the impersonal mood. FAMILIAR PHRASES ON IL Y A, THERE IS, THERE ARE, SOME, MANY, &c. Is there a steam-boat from Dover Y a-t-il un bateau à vapeur to Calais ? There are now about twenty-five millions of souls in France. There are but nine in Spain. There is a gentleman below who wishes to speak to you. There was a great fire yesterday. Was there any body killed? No: but there have been above twenty people hurt. There will be a grand display of fire-works next week. There will be no bonfire on account of this news. I thought there would have been Some people have seen him. nion. Douvres à Calais ? de Пy a maintenant environ vingt cinq millions d'ames en France. Il n'y en a que neuf en Espagne. Il y a un monsieur en bas (ou là bas) qui désire vous parler. Il y aura un grand feu d'artifice Il Many lose our esteem on a close acquaintance. That great man died thirty-nine Il y a bien des gens qui perdent à l'examen. Il y a trente-neuf ans que ce grand homme est mort. Il y a six semaines qu'elle y est Note. There is, or there are, may be rendered, in French, by voilà, as follows, viz. There is a fine shop. There are some handsome women. There are some fine horses. Voilà une belle boutique. CONJUGATION OF THE ABSTRACT AND AUXILIARY VERB, ETRE, TO BE. |