Corrosion and Electrochemistry of ZincHumankind's use of zinc stretches back to antiquity, and it was a component in some of the earliest known alloy systems. Even though metallic zinc was not "discovered" in Europe until 1746 (by Marggral), zinc ores were used for making brass in biblical times, and an 87% zinc alloy was found in prehistoric ruins in Transylvania. Also, zinc (the metal) was produced in quantity in India as far back as the thirteenth century, well before it was recognized as being a separate element. The uses of zinc are manifold, ranging from galvanizing to die castings to electronics. It is a preferred anode material in high-energy-density batteries (e.g., Ni/Zn, Ag/Zn, ZnJair), so that its electrochemistry, particularly in alkaline media, has been extensively explored. In the passive state, zinc is photoelectrochemically active, with the passive film displaying n-type characteristics. For the same reason that zinc is considered to be an excellent battery anode, it has found extensive use as a sacrificial anode for the protection of ships and pipelines from corrosion. Indeed, aside from zinc's well-known attributes as an alloying element, its widespread use is principally due to its electrochemical properties, which include a well-placed position in the galvanic series for protecting iron and steel in natural aqueous environments and its reversible dissolution behavior in alkaline solutions. |
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Table des matières
LXXXV | 236 |
LXXXVI | 238 |
LXXXVII | 241 |
LXXXVIII | 243 |
LXXXIX | 245 |
XC | 248 |
XCI | 249 |
XCII | 252 |
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XXX | 84 |
XXXI | 85 |
XXXII | 87 |
XXXIII | 89 |
XXXIV | 93 |
XXXV | 95 |
XXXVI | 97 |
XXXVII | 100 |
XXXVIII | 103 |
XXXIX | 105 |
XL | 109 |
XLI | 114 |
XLII | 115 |
XLIII | 119 |
XLIV | 121 |
XLV | 125 |
XLVI | 127 |
XLVII | 129 |
XLVIII | 130 |
XLIX | 133 |
L | 135 |
LI | 137 |
LII | 140 |
LIII | 141 |
LIV | 143 |
LV | 144 |
LVI | 149 |
LVII | 153 |
LVIII | 157 |
LIX | 158 |
LX | 163 |
LXI | 165 |
LXII | 168 |
LXIII | 170 |
LXIV | 171 |
LXVI | 173 |
LXVII | 176 |
LXIX | 178 |
LXX | 183 |
LXXI | 185 |
LXXII | 196 |
LXXIII | 203 |
LXXIV | 208 |
LXXV | 213 |
LXXVI | 217 |
LXXVII | 221 |
LXXVIII | 224 |
LXXIX | 225 |
LXXX | 227 |
LXXXI | 229 |
LXXXII | 232 |
LXXXIII | 234 |
LXXXIV | 235 |
XCIV | 254 |
XCVI | 255 |
XCVII | 256 |
XCVIII | 258 |
XCIX | 260 |
C | 261 |
CII | 262 |
CIII | 264 |
CIV | 266 |
CV | 267 |
CVI | 270 |
CVII | 272 |
CVIII | 274 |
CIX | 278 |
CX | 283 |
CXI | 284 |
CXII | 286 |
CXIII | 288 |
CXIV | 289 |
CXV | 291 |
CXVI | 296 |
CXVII | 298 |
CXVIII | 301 |
CXIX | 302 |
CXXI | 305 |
CXXII | 308 |
CXXIV | 312 |
CXXVI | 315 |
CXXVII | 316 |
CXXIX | 317 |
CXXX | 319 |
CXXXI | 321 |
CXXXII | 325 |
CXXXIII | 328 |
CXXXIV | 332 |
CXXXV | 333 |
CXXXVI | 337 |
CXXXVII | 339 |
CXXXVIII | 341 |
CXXXIX | 343 |
CXL | 344 |
CXLI | 345 |
CXLIII | 347 |
CXLIV | 348 |
CXLV | 351 |
CXLVI | 352 |
CXLVII | 353 |
CXLVIII | 358 |
CXLIX | 359 |
CLI | 360 |
CLII | 365 |
CLIII | 373 |
CLIV | 375 |
CLVI | 376 |
CLVII | 377 |
CLIX | 379 |
CLXI | 382 |
CLXII | 385 |
CLXIII | 390 |
CLXIV | 393 |
CLXV | 395 |
CLXVI | 399 |
CLXVII | 403 |
CLXVIII | 407 |
CLXIX | 409 |
CLXX | 463 |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
1nternational acid alkaline solutions aluminum amount anions atmospheric corrosion atmospheric environments carbonate cathodic protection cathodic reaction chemical chloride chromate composition concrete corrosion current corrosion of zinc corrosion potential corrosion process corrosion products formed corrosion rate corrosion resistance corrosion test coupled current density decreases depends diffusion dioxide effect electrochemical electrode potential electrolyte exposure F1GURE factors formation galvanic action galvanic corrosion galvanic couple galvanic protection galvanized steel hot-dip galvanized hydrogen evolution hydroxide immersion increases intergranular corrosion ions Kidlington layer metal NaCl NaCl solution occurs overpotential oxide film oxygen paint passive film pH range phosphate pitting pitting corrosion rate of zinc rebars reduction relative humidity Reprinted result salt samples seawater semiconductor shown in Fig soil solubility spray sulfate Table temperature thickness various weight loss wetting Zinc Alloy Coated zinc anode zinc coating zinc electrode zinc hydroxide zinc oxide zinc surface zinc-rich coatings Zn-Fe ZntOHl
Fréquemment cités
Page 151 - Centolella (1995) with kind permission from Elsevier Science, Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, 0X5 1Gb, UK.
Page 83 - Phosphors," with kind permission from Elsevier Science-NL, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, 1055 KV Amsterdam, The Netherlands...
Page 75 - ... film can be observed. The latter is more compact and appears to form directly at the surface rather than by precipitation. Its color can range from light gray to black, depending on the potential and time of formation. The...
Page 448 - Corrosion behavior of electrophoretically coated cold rolled, galvanized and galvannealed steel sheet for automobiles — adaptability of cataphoretic primer to zinc plated steel 820334 Koyama, H.
Page 8 - ... rails. Architectural applications of structural steel, lintels, beams, columns, and related building materials Large structures that are not suitable for batch galvanizing, such as bridge superstructures treated in a reducing atmosphere in a continuous galvanizing process, to remove surface oxide. It is then immersed in a bath of molten zinc for a time sufficient for it to wet and alloy with zinc, after which it is withdrawn and cooled. The coating produced in this way is bonded to the steel...
Page 185 - When dissimilar metals in electrical contact with each other are exposed to an electrolyte, a current flows from one to the other and is called a galvanic current.
Page 185 - ... when the galvanic current flows, or negative. A galvanic current generally causes a reduction in the total rate of corrosion of the cathodic member of the couple.* This is called galvanic or cathodic protection. Under certain conditions the rate of corrosion of some metals as cathode may actually be increased, in which case the term cathodic corrosion is applied. The corrosion potential of a metal or alloy is the steady state irreversible potential it assumes...
Références à ce livre
Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion IV: A Symposium in Honor of the 65th ... Sannakaisa Virtanen,Patrik Schmuki,Gerald S. Frankel Affichage du livre entier - 2003 |
