your hand: and ye shall eat it in haste: 12 it is the LORD's passover. For I will go through the land of Egypt in that night, and will smite all the first born in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgements: I am the LORD. And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and there shall no plague be upon you to destroy you, when I smite 14 the land of Egypt. And this day shall be unto you for a memorial, and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD: throughout your generations ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever. Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul 16 shall be cut off from Israel. And in the

21

first day there shall be to you an holy con-
vocation, and in the seventh day an holy
convocation; no manner of work shall be
done in them, save that which every man
must eat, that only may be done of you.
And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened
bread; for in this selfsame day have I
brought your hosts out of the land of
Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day
throughout your generations by an ordinance
for ever.
In the first month, on the four- 1
teenth day of the month at even, ye shall
eat unleavened bread, until the one and
twentieth day of the month at even. Seven
days shall there be no leaven found in your
houses: for whosoever eateth that which is
leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the
congregation of Israel, whether he be a
sojourner, or one that is born in the land.
Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your
habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread.

Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out, and take you lambs according to your families, and kill the passover. And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning. For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come 24 in unto your houses to smite you. And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever. And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service. And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service? that ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD'S passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and wor28 shipped. And the children of Israel went and did so; as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

And it came to pass at midnight, that the LORD Smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was 31 a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. Take both your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also. And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, to send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men. And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders. And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they asked of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: and the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. And they spoiled the Egyptians.

34

37

And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children. And a mixed multitude went up

40

also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

Appendix D. —Ordinance of the

Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, which they sojourned in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. And it came to pass at the end of four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD 42 went out from the land of Egypt. It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD, to be much observed of all the children of Israel throughout their generations.

43 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron,
This is the ordinance of the passover:
there shall no alien eat thereof: but every
man's servant that is bought for money,
when thou hast circumcised him, then shall
he eat thereof. A sojourner and an hired
46 servant shall not eat thereof. In one house
shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry
forth aught of the flesh abroad out of the
house; neither shall ye break a bone
thereof. All the congregation of Israel
48 shall keep it. And when a stranger shall
sojourn with thee, and will keep the pass-
over to the LORD, let all his males be cir-
cumcised, and then let him come near and
keep it; and he shall be as one that is born
in the land: but no uncircumcised person
49 shall eat thereof. One law shall be to him
that is home born, and unto the stranger
that sojourneth among you. Thus did
all the children of Israel; as the LORD
commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.
And it came to pass the selfsame day, that
the LORD did bring the children of Israel
out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.
13 And the LORD spake unto Moses, say-
ing, Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, what-
soever openeth the womb among the chil-
dren of Israel, both of man and of beast:
it is mine.

Passover and the Firstborn

LORD shall bring thee into the land of the
Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Amorite,
and the Hivite, and the Jebusite, which he
sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a land
flowing with milk and honey, that thou
shalt keep this service in this month.
Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, 6
and in the seventh day shall be a feast to
the LORD. Unleavened bread shall be
eaten throughout the seven days; and there
shall no leavened bread be seen with thee,
neither shall there be leaven seen with
thee, in all thy borders. And thou shalt 8
tell thy son in that day, saying, It is because
of that which the LORD did for me when I
came forth out of Egypt. And it shall be for
a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a
memorial between thine eyes, that the law of
the LORD may be in thy mouth: for with a
strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out
of Egypt. Thou shalt therefore keep this
ordinance in its season from year to year.

And it shall be when the LORD shall I
bring thee into the land of the Canaanite,
as he sware unto thee and to thy fathers,
and shall give it thee, that thou shalt set
apart unto the LORD all that openeth the
womb, and every firstling which thou hast
that cometh of a beast; the males shall be
the LORD'S. And every firstling of an ass 13
thou shalt redeem with a lamb; and if
thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt
break its neck: and all the firstborn of
man among thy sons shalt thou redeem.
And it shall be when thy son asketh thee
in time to come, saying, What is this? that
thou shalt say unto him, By strength of
hand the LORD brought us out from Egypt,
from the house of bondage: and it came to 15
pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go,
that the LORD slew all the first born in the
land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man,
and the first born of beast: therefore I
sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the
womb, being males; but all the firstborn
of my sons I redeem. And it shall be for 16
a sign upon thine hand, and for frontlets be-
tween thine eyes: for by strength of hand
the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt.

And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not 17 by the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest

peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt: but God led the people about, by the way of the wilderness by the Red Sea: and the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt. And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him: for he had straitly sworn the children of Israel, saying, God 20 will surely visit you; and ye shall carry up my bones away hence with you. And they took their journey from Succoth, and encamped in Etham, in the edge of the wilderness. And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; that they might go by day and by night: the pillar of cloud by day, and the pillar of fire by night, departed not from before the people.

14

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, that they turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon: over against it shall ye encamp by the sea. And Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are entangled in the land, the wilderness hath shut them in. And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he shall follow after them; and I will get me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; and the Egyptians shall know 5 that I am the LORD. And they did so. And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was changed towards the people, and they said, What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us? And he made ready his chariot, and took his people with him: and he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over 8 all of them. And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: for the children of Israel went out with an high hand. And the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the 10 sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon. And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians marched after them; and they were sore afraid: and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD. And they said unto Moses, Because there were no graves in Egypt, hast thou taken us away to die in the wilderness? wherefore hast thou dealt thus with us, to bring 12 us forth out of Egypt? Is not this the word that we spake unto thee in Egypt, saying, Let us alone, that we may serve the Egyptians? For it were better for us to serve the Egyptians, than that we should die in the wilderness. And Moses said unto the people, Fear ye not, stand still, and see the salvation of the LORD, which he will work for you to-day: for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to-day, ye shall see them again no more for ever. The LORD shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace. And the LORD said unto Moses, Wherefore criest thou unto me? speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward. And lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Israel shall go into the midst of the sea on dry ground. And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall go in after them: and I will get me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon 18 all his host, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I have gotten me honour upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. And the angel of God, which went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud removed from before them, and stood behind them: and it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and there was the cloud and the darkness, yet gave it light by night: and 21 the one came not near the other all the night. And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them into the midst of the sea, all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his

15

horsemen. And it came to pass in the morning watch, that the LORD looked forth 24 upon the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of cloud, and discomfited the host of the Egyptians. And he took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily so that the Egyptians said, Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.

And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the sea, that the 26 waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen. And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. And the waters returned, 28 and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, even all the host of Pharaoh that went in after them into the sea; there remained not so much as one of them. But the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. Thus the LORD saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the sea shore. And Israel saw the great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians, and the people feared the LORD: and they believed in the LORD, and in his servant Moses.

30

Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the LORD, and spake, 15 saying:

Song of Moses and Miriam

I will sing unto the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously:

The horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.

The LORD is my strength and song,

And he is become my salvation:

This is my God, and I will praise him;

My father's God, and I will exalt him.

The LORD is a man of war:

The LORD is his name.

Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea:

And his chosen captains are sunk in the Red Sea.

The deeps cover them:

They went down into the depths like a stone.

Thy right hand, O LORD, is glorious in power,

Thy right hand, O LORD, dasheth in pieces the enemy.

And in the greatness of thine excellency thou overthrowest them that rise up against thee:

Thou sendest forth thy wrath, it consumeth them as stubble.

And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were piled up,

The floods stood upright as an heap;

The deeps were congealed in the heart of the sea.

The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil:

My lust shall be satisfied upon them;

I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.

Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them:
They sank as lead in the mighty waters.

Who is like unto thee, O LORD, among the gods?
Who is like thee, glorious in holiness,

Fearful in praises, doing wonders?

3

II

14

17

22

Thou stretchedst out thy right hand,

The earth swallowed them.

Thou in thy mercy hast led the people which thou hast redeemed:
Thou hast guided them in thy strength to thy holy habitation.
The peoples have heard, they tremble:

Pangs have taken hold on the inhabitants of Philistia.

Then were the dukes of Edom amazed;

The mighty men of Moab, trembling taketh hold upon them:
All the inhabitants of Canaan are melted away.

Terror and dread falleth upon them;

By the greatness of thine arm they are as still as a stone;

Till thy people pass over, O LORD,

Till the people pass over which thou hast purchased.

Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of thine inheritance,
The place, O LORD, which thou hast made for thee to dwell in,

The sanctuary, O LORD, which thy hands have established.

The LORD shall reign for ever and ever.*

And Moses led Israel onward from the Red Sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water. · And

Incidents

of the

to Sinai

when they came to Marah, they could not drink of the waters of Marah, for they were 'bitter': therefore the name of it was called 'Marah.' And the people murmured against Moses, saying, What shall we drink? And he Journey cried unto the LORD; and the LORD shewed him a tree, and he cast it into the waters, and the waters were made sweet. There he made for them a stat26 ute and an ordinance, and there he proved them; and he said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his eyes, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of the diseases upon thee, which I have put upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee.

And they came to Elim, where were twelve springs of water, and three score and 16 ten palm trees: and they encamped there by the waters. And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt. And the whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron in the wilderness: and the children of Israel said unto them, Would that we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger. Then said the LORD unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, 5 that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no. And it shall come to pass on the sixth day, that they shall prepare that which they bring in, and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily. And Moses and Aaron said unto all the children of Israel, At even, then ye shall know that the LORD hath brought you out from the land of Egypt: and in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of the LORD; for that he heareth your murmurings against the LORD: and what are we, that ye mur

19

*For the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea. And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. And Miriam answered them,

Sing ye to the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously;
The horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.