of opium into China-Sincerity of Chinese Govern-

ment in its efforts to suppress opium-smoking-Testi-

mony of Dr. Morrison, Times correspondent in Peking

-Opportunity now offered to Sir Edward Grey and

Mr. Morley

PAGES

80-93

-

CHAPTER XI

SHANGHAI AND THE YELLOW PERIL '

Shanghai, a commercial settlement-Not a political pos-

session-Lost opportunities of annexation, 1898 and

1900 Geographical situation of Shanghai - The

natural terminus of ocean-going steamers trading with

China-Complicated political situation at Shanghai-

The British settlement merged in an international one

-Retention of its individuality by the French settle-

ment-Government of the international settlement-

The Shanghai Municipal Council-Insecurity of the

European population-Proposal for the occupation of

the Chusan Islands-The yellow peril'-China for

the Chinese-Necessity for vigilance in face of the

growing unrest in China

94-104

CHAPTER XII

OUR NEW ALLIES

The land of the rising sun-Contrast between the surround-

ings of China and Japan-Fascination of the Japanese

character-Tokyo en fête-Peace celebrations in 1906

-Religious tolerance of the Japanese people-Decay

of Buddhism-Hold of Shintoism over all classes of

society-Opportunity now offered for grafting Chris-

tianity on to the Shinto faith-Japanese conception of

morality-Eastern, not Western, notions prevalent—

Growth of public opinion on this question-Revolt

against concubinage Absence of dissolute living

among the Japanese people-Commercial unreliability

of the nation-Causes for this-The Anglo-Japanese

alliance-Its immense popularity in Japan-Natural

rapprochement between the two Island Empires-Sea

power the common bond

-

CHAPTER XIII

THE ARMED STRENGTH OF JAPAN

105-113

Universal military service-Its democratic influence on the
Japanese nation-Army and nation are one and indi-

-

visible-Organization of the army-Modelled on the

German system-Active Army and its reserves-

Supernumerary reserve National Army-Divisional

territorial organization-Mobilization arrangements-

Numerical strength of army-300,000 fighting-men

concentrated at Mukden-Unprecedented feat in

modern war-Imperial review of triumphant army at

Tokyo in 1906

PAGES

114-124

CHAPTER XIV

THE JAPANESE ARMY

Fighting qualities of the Japanese officers and men-Con-

scription takes the picked manhood of the country for

military service-The Japanese infantry soldier-Best

in the world-Inferiority of Japanese cavalry-Pro-

posed reorganization-Efficiency of the Japanese field

artillery-Necessity for horse artillery-Reduction, of

colour service to two years-Effect of this step-Pro-

posed reforms of General Terauchi, Minister of War—

Marshal Oyama - His fascinating personality - His

deserved popularity-Japanese officers-Their devotion

to duty-Their simplicity of life-Warning of General

Nogi
125-136

CHAPTER XV

THE NAVAL STRENGTH OF JAPAN

Decay of Japan's sea-power under the feudal system-Slow

resuscitation of maritime strength after the Revolution

of 1868-Foundations of sea-power carefully laid--

Gradual growth of the navy-Japan now ranks fifth

among the naval Powers of the world-Naval organiza-

tion-Recruiting arrangements-Fighting qualities of

Japanese seamen-Necessity for developing the mer-

cantile marine-Future naval prospects-Japan's in-

comparable geographical position - Sympathetic

encouragement of Great Britain

CHAPTER XVI

THE RULERS OF JAPAN

137-145

Central figure, the Emperor Mutso-hito-A progressive and
sagacious monarch-His power of choosing wise
counsellors-The best men of the country collected
round the throne-Constitutional rule of the Emperor
-The elder statesmen Marquis Ito-The most

-

PAGES

powerful statesman in Japan-A passionate lover of

peace-Trust reposed in him by the Emperor-His

policy of peaceful expansion-Parliamentary govern-

ment in Japan-Fractional state of political parties—

Difficulties caused by this-The Seiukai Political

Association-The Progressive party-Clan influence-

The Saionji Cabinet-Post bellum politics-No indica-

tion of militarism-Supremacy of civil government 146-154

CHAPTER XVII

WHAT CANADA IS DOING FOR THE EMPIRE

Victoria, the capital of British Columbia-Its eclipse by

Vancouver town-Due to the arrival, in 1885, of the

Canadian Pacific Railway-The most important

strategical railway of the Empire-Shortest route to

Japan-Yokohama twenty-two days from London-

Continuous success of the Canadian Pacific Railway-

The triumph of the statesman over the political

economist Unbroken prosperity of the Company-
Canadian Pacific Railway shares now quoted at 200-
The railway one of the most valuable assets of the
Empire-Combination of State effort and private enter-
prise-Grand Trunk Pacific Railway-Quebec to
Prince Rupert-Expected opening of the new line in
five years-Projected branches to Hudson's Bay and
Yukon-Canadian Northern Railway-Congestion of
traffic at Winnipeg-Relief necessary-Trans-Canada
Railway Company-Progressive policy of Sir Wilfrid
Laurier-Patriotic efforts of Canada in the direction of
Imperial union
155-166

CHAPTER XVIII

THE MILITARY WEAKNESS OF CANADA

Contrast between the East and West of Canada-Quebec
compared with Vancouver-The old-world medieval
town with the busy modern commercial city-Policy
of Imperial Government regarding colonial defence-
Colonies to be self-defensive-Abandonment of Halifax
by the Imperial Government as a naval base-And of
Esquimault-Criticism of this policy-Difficulties of
Dominion Government in raising troops to garrison
these strong places-Armed forces of Canada-Per-
manent force and Active Militia-Territorial organiza-
tion-Vulnerability of Canadian land frontier-Loyalty
of French Canadians Unanimous feeling against
absorption by the United States-Organization re-

-

PAGES

quired against possibility of coercion-National security

must not depend on the goodwill of a powerful neigh-

bour-Universal militia service the best solution of

the defence problem

CHAPTER XIX

CONCLUDING REMARKS

167-178

The growth of Imperialism-The cry from all parts of the

Empire is for closer union-Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the

apostle of Imperial democracy-Roman Empire com-

pared with the British-Demand for reciprocity in

commerce and defence-Organization of individual

energy for co-operative effort-Sympathetic adminis-

tration of Mr. Chamberlain when Colonial Minister-

Confederation, not federation, the key to Imperial

union-Necessity for wider knowledge of Imperial

politics

179-184

LIST OF APPENDICES

I

Admiralty memorandum (October, 1906) altering the dis-

tribution of naval strength, and constituting the Home

Fleet

II

- 185, 186

Parliamentary Paper 129, known as the Dilke return,

giving the comparative naval strength of the great

maritime Powers, corrected up to March 31, 1906 186, 187

III

Convention between Great Britain, Germany, Austria-

Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands,

Russia, and Turkey, respecting the free navigation of

the Suez Canal (signed at Constantinople, October 29,
1888)

IV

188-200

Précis of the provisions of two agreements signed in London

on December 13, 1906, between the Governments of

Great Britain, France, Italy, and Abyssinia

V

201-204

Regulations giving effect to the Imperial Decree issued on

September 20, 1906, abolishing opium - smoking in

China within a period of ten years

204-206

THE STADT HOUSE, MALACCA

TIN-SMELTING WORKS AT SINGAPORE

HONG-KONG HARBOUR

VIEW OF BRITISH SETTLEMENT AT CANTON

39

39

65

70

CHINESE JUNK ON THE YANGTZE RIVER

FUSAN HARBOUR, Korea

NAGASAKI HARBOUR

VICTORIA TOWN, VANCOUVER ISLAND

VIEW OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS FROM THE

CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY

VANCOUVER TOWN, BRITISH COLUMBIA

HALIFAX HARBOUR AND DOCKYARD

ESQUIMAULT HARBOUR