Octavo Series. EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE. Vol. XIV.-No. 7. THE PEN 16 HTIES THAN THE WORD." AND Publishers' Circular. Issued on the 1st and 15th of each Month, at $2.00 per annum in advance. GEORGE W. CHILDS, PUBLISHER, No. 600 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. .......... 194 LIST OF ADVERTISERS. American Sunday School Union............ 198 | Desilver, Charles............................ 196 Carter, Robert & Brothers.................. 184 Nelson, Thos. & Sons...................................................... 203 GEO. N. DAVIS, 119 Rua Direita, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Agent for South America. A. ROMAN, San Francisco, California, Agent for the Pacific Coast. T. W. WILSON, 14 Calle de Mercaderes, Habana, Agent for the West Indies. Subscriptions or Advertisements for the "American Literary Gazette” will be received by the above Agents, and they will forward to the Editor any Books or Publications intended for notice. THE AMERICAN LITERARY GAZETTE AND PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR is published on the first and fifteenth of every month, and is supplied to subscribers for two dollars per annum, payable in advance. The Christmas number, published early in December, is included in the numbers for the year. Last year this number contained upwards of two hundred pages, with more than ninety specimens of engravings, from the books of the season, many of them full page, beautifully printed on rich toned plate paper. The numbers published on February 1st and August 1st of each year, are devoted more particularly to EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE, and these will be sent to any schoolmaster or teacher, gratis and post paid, upon forwarding their address to the office. Advertisements are inserted in the AMERICAN Literary GazettE at the following rates: Page $20; Half Page $12; Quarter $7; One-eighth $4. OUR ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. It is generally considered that the Christmas books, as a whole, brought forward this year are inferior to the average to which former years have accustomed us. One looks in vain among them for a work of permanent interest. They are not, it is true, the mere gewgaws of old times; the illustrations are excellent; good taste is rarely offended by an inharmonious combination of garish colors; but "cometh up in the morning and in the evening is cut down, dried up and withered," is the doom written in no illegible characters upon almost every one of them. Another defect in the majority of them is their un-English character. It is lamentable to see the place occupied by French wood-engravers in that constantly enlarging canton of the book-world-illustrated works. Once-twenty-five years ago-by common consent there were no wood-engravers like the English. This country was the native land of illustrated books and illustrated periodicals. Now electrotype copies of foreign blocks are used everywhere, and the favorite wood-engravers are Frenchmen enticed here by great pay. The late Bishop Phillpott's theological library, which he bequeathed under certain conditions to Truro, has been removed to this town. A suitable building has been provided for it. There are 1195 volumes of rare and valuable works in the library. A meeting has been held in Edinburgh, the Earl of Dalhousie in the chair, to adopt measures to erect a statue to the late Rev. Dr. Chalmers. The well-known dramatic author, Mr. Watts Phillips, passed through the Court of Bankruptcy a few days since; his debts were set down to be $9890 gold; assets $1000. Sir Digby Wyatt has been elected to the Slade Professorship of Fine Art, Cambridge. These phrases in the "Times" have dimpled many cheeks with smiles: "The question why the young fighting Cossack (Mazeppa) should be acted by a woman is a problem which, to some of our readers, will be rather insoluble, to others extremely easy of solution. We purpose neither to enlighten the former nor to afford superfluous aid to the latter.' Mr. H. S. Maine, the author of "Ancient Law," has been elected as first professor in the new chair of Jurisprudence, Oxford. An official announcement has been made that Keble College, the noble memorial to the memory of the Christian poet, raised at Oxford, will be opeu for the reception of students in October, 1870. There will be chambers for 100 students. It will be a cheap college. Mr. E. S. Talbot, of Christ Church, is the Warden Designate. One of our leading daily newspapers justly says (I quote the remark as throwing a good deal of light on the list of publications of last year): "Although probably not a whit more pious than our fathers were, we are much more fond of discussing what are called religious topics. The excitement caused by the appearance of Tract XC. was transient and restricted; the present appetite for theological controversy is constant and universal. If a newspaper reader who died in 1843 could rise from his grave and glance at the public prints of to-day, he would be surprised; and, perhaps, at first sight edified, for he would find the Pope and his probable intentions occupying a space which would only have been granted twenty-six years ago to a powerful secular monarch, and he would find Anglican Christianity striving to seek an exact definition of its doctrines by no less than three actions at law, viz.: "Shepperd v. Bennet," "Martin v. Mackonochie,"" Noble v. Voysey.' I think many of your readers may peruse with interest these extracts from a letter recently published here: "The agitation against the Bishop elect of Exeter appears to be drawing to a crisis, and I regret to observe that it is a practice of Dr. Temple's opponents to endeavor to blacken him by blackening the character of those with whom he was on one occasion associated. One in whose case this has frequently been adopted is the late Professor Baden-Powell, an essay from whose pen was incorporated in the same volume with one of Dr. Temple. Let no one suppose that he knows Baden-Powell who has merely read that isolated essay. It is by the whole of his works, in which he has treated of the same subjects far more fully and deliberately, that he ought to be judged. A death-bed is generally far too sacred a subject to bring in its details before the eyes of the public; moreover, it is most inexpedient to afford FEB. 1, 1870. any countenance to the mischievous idea prevalent | sel resolve themselves into a paraphrase with comin some quarters that the condition of the mind mentary of that which was written of old time, when worn out by suffering or prostrated by fatal Thou shalt not steal.' The defendants' authorities disease offers the best criterion by which to judge resolve themselves into this-that every book pubof the man as he has been or as he may be again. lished, is published for the use of the whole world: But Dr. Pusey, with a view to cast odium on all that every one may use it to add to his store of the contributors to Essays and Reviews,' has knowledge, to enlarge and rectify his perceptions, spoken of one of their number as having 'died to suggest to him ideas and thoughts, to correct his without any ministrations of religion,' a sentence conclusions, to furnish him with principles and in which more is implied, and from which I am given facts, and to aid him in making just deductions from to understand more has been inferred than is ex- the one and inductions from the other. Nor is a pressed in the actual words. Under these circum- man the less entitled to do this because he is himstances, not only justice to the dead, but considera- self about to write on the same or a similar subtion for the living, demand a few words from one ject; nor is such a writer precluded from learning whose duty and privilege it was to be in constant method or style, or manner, or obtaining illustraattendance upon Professor Baden-Powell during the tions or rhetorical ornament, or acquiring any other last three days and nights of his life, and who was art or grace of literary composition from any prewith him at its close. I know not exactly to what vious work. But to this there is this important period before a man's actual death such an expres- proviso and qualification-that the writer's use of sion as that of Dr. Pusey refers, but I do know that a previous work must be fair and legitimate. It up to within a few days of his fatal illness-as long, does not, perhaps, assist us much to say that that in fact, as he was able to leave the house-Baden- is lawful which is legitimate, unlawful which is Powell had been in the habit of attending the ser- illegitimate; but, in truth, it resolves into this, vices both Sunday and week-day, and of partaking that every question of literary piracy is a question, in the Holy Communion at St. Andrew's Church, as they would say in Westminster Hall, for the Wells Street, and that at home he read the service jury. And I apprehend that a jury would receive from our Liturgy every night to his family and ser- some such direction as this: Take the two books vants until the progress of his illness rendered it into your hand, weigh all the facts and circumimpossible. I can also say most unhesitatingly, stances connected with the defendants' work, and that neither during the condition of semi-conscious- then ask yourself this question, Is any material ness brought on by the disease under which he and substantial part of the defendants' work a transank, nor during the occasional intervals in which script of the plaintiffs', with colorable additions and his mind was perfectly clear during those last three colorable variations, and without any honest or real days, did one single expression escape him that literary labor bestowed by the defendants in the did not tell of peace, of resignation to God's will, composition of it as original literary work? If so, and of faith in the religion in which he had been it is a piracy. I have taken the two books into my brought up, in which he had always lived, and in hand accordingly and have given myself that diwhich he was then dying. His physical sufferings rection." Vice-Chancellor James then examined were great, and bravely endured, but his mind re- some of the 400 questions common to both books, tained to the last that happy serenity which and instanced by Dr. Brewer as evidence of piracy, eminently characterized him through life. I am, and proceeded to say: "I am satisfied that Messrs. etc. Bullock, who had sworn and had not been cross-examined, that they did not copy any part of the plaintiffs' book, but had used it in common with fifty or more books on the same subject, had bestowed substantial labor, and given independent thought and research, with a considerable amount of literary merit, in adding to that which was to be found in the plaintiffs' and other works on the same subject. In many instances the language used was taken from other works anterior to that of plaintiffs'. It was said, indeed, on behalf of the plaintiffs, that the difference of language from that used by Dr. Brewer was only a part of the fraud practised by the defendants' authors. But this was a charge which failed and recoiled with destruction upon the head of the person who made it. The language used by Messrs. Bullock in their book went far to show that they had honestly applied themselves to get their information by anterior works open to all. One of those works was the 'Reason Why,' in its expurgated form, after the part complained of and restrained by injunction by Lord Hatherly had been expunged. This and other works were in circulation utterly unchallenged by the plaintiffs and open to the defendants to make use of without complaint on the part of the plaintiffs. With as much force might it be said that the plaintiffs work was a piracy from Joyce's Scientific Dialogues' and other works. Upon the whole case the verdict I have to deliver is that the plaintiffs have failed to prove that the defendants have been guilty of the literary larceny with which they are charged, and that being so the bill must be dismissed with costs." FRANCIS BLANDFORD. W. H. FLOWER." Another case in which alleged piracy was the question in issue has just been decided by ViceChancellor James. It has not raised so extensive an interest as the case of Pike v. Nicolas, but never theless merits attention. Messrs. Jarrold are the well-known booksellers and publishers in Paternoster-Row, who own, among other works, the copyright of the "Guide to Science," written by Dr. Brewer, which was first published in 1848, has gone through the twenty-fifth edition, and of which 133,000 copies have been sold. The success of this book was so great that so long ago as 1857 it was pirated by a book entitled "The Reason Why," and which Messrs. Jarrold succeeded in having suppressed in its original form. In March, 1868, Mr. Haywood, a bookseller and publisher in Manchester, brought out "A Class Book of Modern Science," written by Messrs. Bullock, successful schoolmasters of some twenty years' standing. Messrs. Jarrold sued for an injunction to restrain the publication of the alleged piracy, and supported their application by an analysis of the two books made by Dr. Brewer (the author of the "Guide to Science"); this analysis contained 400 questions and answers to be found in both books, and which they charged constituted piracy. Messrs. Bullock appeared in the case, and while they acknowledged they examined Dr. Brewer's "Guide to Science," they brought into court a long catalogue of the books they had used in preparing "A Class Book of Modern Science," and declared the only use the "Guide to Science" had been to them was that it had suggested questions to be considered. The Vice-Chancellor said: "The authorities referred to by the plaintiffs' coun OUR CONTINENTAL CORRESPONDENCE. ence used to wring the alleged will from the deceased, and moreover that the will is a forged document. The alleged will shows on its face it was made only eight days before the testator's death, and we are prepared to prove that for more than eight days before his death M. Sainte-Beuve could noth old a pen in his hand." The seals, of course, were not removed, and appeal was made to the courts of justice to decide between all these claims. It appears this "family of the deceased," whose names Sainte-Beuve's notary never in his life heard before, are some very distant kinsmen, with whom Sainte-Beuve had no manner of relations. The head of this family is a provincial attorney, whose cupidity has been roused by hearing there are $20,000 to be divided between the legatees of the will. Sainte-Beuve quarrelled with Princess Mathilde some months before his death, when it became notorious that he had refused to quit "Le Moniteur" to go on the new "Journal Officiel” (I gave you at the time a full report of all the cireumstances); his friends at court urged him to join the new paper. He refused When a few days afterwards he quitted "Le Moniteur" to write on an opposition paper, "Le Temps," the anger of his friends at court was extreme. None of them were so angry as Princess Mathilde. The moment she heard it she drove to Sainte-Beuve's house. He was absent, and his secretary received her. She expressed her indignation at his "treachery;" she had always been warned he would prove a "traitor;" he was the "Marmont of literary men," and she ended by asking how he, a "mere vassal of the Emperor," had dared join the Opposition without "his master's" consent. The secretary reported the conver The disturbed condition of the political world militates against trade. A professor in one of the colleges here told me a day or two ago a great many pupils of last year have not returned this year to their places, in consequence of their parents' inability to pay collegiate expenses. Letters from the Mediterranean littoral complain, that there never were fewer visitors to the villages where the wealthy winter. A great many persons who spend this season in Paris remain in the country; they fear a revolution may surprise them here. The book trade, as usual, is the first to suffer from this stagnation, and yet were you to see our book shops you would be surprised by the number of costly books; illustrated books are now extremely popular, and they are very beautiful. Their cost is not as great as it seems to be, for there is scarcely a popular illustrated work brought out here, whose plates are not sold in England and in Germany. The publishers here content themselves with profits which American publishers would turn up their noses at. Moreover, a great many illustrated books are sold in numbers, and in this way reach a very large sale. The more expensive illustrated books are patronized by government, which either grants directly a subsidy of money, or orders a great many copies of the work, and sometimes both. It is said M. Martha, author of "Les Moralistes Latin," and of an "Etude sur Lucrece," will fill the late M. Berger's chair in the Sorbonne, and M. Gaston Boissier, author of works on Cicero and Varrus, will inherit M. Sainte-Beuve's chair in the College of France. The Academy of Sciences have elected Herr Pringheim correspondent in the section of bot-sation to Sainte-Beuve, who wrote a most indignant any, which place was vacated by the death of the late Herr Von Martin (of Munich). The same academy have filled the vacancy made in the section of mineralogy by the late Viscount d'Archiac's suicide, by electing M. des Cloizeau a member. The Academy of Fine Arts have filled the late M. Hesse's place by electing M. Lenepveu as a mem-tures: "The wound she inflicted on me was too ber, and have given the late M. Nystrom, of Stockholm, a successor by electing M. Morey, of Nancy, a correspondent. It seems Sainte-Beuve is not to be allowed to rest quietly in his grave. The justice of the peace who had placed under seal all the property to be found in Sainte-Beuve's house, appointed a day for their removal. The executors were present, and they had scarcely been joined by the justice of the peace when three persons, to all the other parties unknown, entered the house. Instantly one of them said: "Princess Mathilde has given me a power of attorney to act for her. In her name, I claim a packet of letters written by Her Imperial Highness to the late M. Sainte-Beuve; and I insist in her name that those letters shall be delivered to me." The person who accompanied him added: "I am the Commissioner of Police; I support her Imperial Highness's claim. I think the letters should be surrendered to her; in default thereof I interdict the removal of the seals." This pretension took the executors by surprise. They conferred to gether and presently said: "As this claim has been made with all the forms of the law, the courts of justice must decide the question; meantime the letters under controversy shall remain under seal." Thereupon the other person who accompanied the Commissioner of Police said: "I have been clothed with the proper authority to represent the family of the late M. Sainte-Beuve. I restrain, in their name, the justice of the peace from removing the seals, and from allowing the will to be executed. We are ready to prove that there was undue influ letter to Princess Mathilde, and never again had anything more to do with her. She repeatedly tried to renew her old relations with him; he positively refused to hear of it. M. Giraud (an exMinister of Public Instruction) was the mediator she selected. Sainte-Beuve replied to his over cruel; it will bleed even after I am dead.” Sainte-Beuve's will is dated September 28, 1869, namely, thirteen days before his death. It is his second will. His first was made in 1866, although as long ago as 1855 he frequently expressed a desire to execute a will, and, in 1858, he wrote a will, which was null in consequence of the omission of some legal formalities. By the will dated 1866, he made M. Lacaussade, the poet, his residuary legatee, and gave him the fee simple of all he had, subject to the payment of several annuities and legacies. M. Lacaussade is the well-known poet; he became Sainte-Beuve's secretary in 1845, and remained in this post until Sainte-Beuve quitted France at the Revolution of 1848; upon the latter's return to France, he resumed his duties as private secretary; and quitted them only in 1851. He was succeeded by MM. Octave Lacroix, Levallois, Pons, and Troubat. The latter became private secretary in 1862, and continued in the post until Sainte-Beuve's death. In 1867, Sainte-Beuve fell ill. Dr. Veyne insisted Dr. Ricord should be consulted. An operation was deemed necessary. Some time afterwards Dr. Ricord was again called in consultation, for Dr. Veyne thought he had detected symptoms of the stone. Dr. Ricord, in probing, wounded the patient, and abscesses supervened, which menaced Sainte-Beuve's life, and who had scarcely another day's health. The 28th September last, SainteBeuve, then confined to his bed, sent for M. Laucaussade, and said: "Spend the evening with me. Dine with Troubat, and after dinner I will try to summon strength enough to talk with you, for I M. want to speak about serious business." After din- anecdote carries its judgement on its face. ner, M. Lacaussade returned to Sainte-Beuve's chamber. The latter said: "My friend, I am greatly grieved; I have been obliged to change my will. You are still one of my executors, but I have been obliged (you know why) to make Troubat my residuary legatee. I leave you a legacy. Do not be angry with me." M. Lacaussade replied: "My dear friend, do whatever may give some joy to your heart and some peace to your mind. But your papers ?" Sainte-Beuve replied: "You are one of the executors, the others are Marc Fabre and Troubat —.” A violent paroxysm of pain here supervened and interrupted the conversation. M. Lacaussade called for assistance, and Sainte-nal Officiel' appeared, we knew M. Sainte-Beuve Beuve continued too ill the rest of the night to renew the conversation. Sainte-Beuve, by his will, left an annuity of $800 to his mistress, an exgoverness; she is one-armed, having lost the other arm by an accident; he says "with $800 a year a woman may live honorably." Sainte-Beuve figures in it as a scoundrel and as a fool; as a scoundrel towards 'Le Moniteur,' to which he deliberately played false; as a fool toward himself, because, being impatient to 'return to the government fold, he did the contrary of that which he should have done to attain this end. We are able to confirm the assertions of 'Le Moniteur' and to complete them. We were honored with M. SainteBeuve's friendship before he contributed to our columns. We, with all of M. Sainte-Beuve's friends, were thoroughly acquainted with his sentiments when the rupture took place between the government and 'Le Moniteur,' and long before 'Le Jourwould not enter it, and that he would remain in 'Le Moniteur.' The official writer evidently did not suspect the true state of things when he went to ask his contributions, and was in a profound illusion. Doubtless M. Sainte-Beuve (and his last speech showed it) retained to the end of his life a rather Utopian idea of a sort of dignified, ideal, and reciprocally useful alliance between the government and letters; but that which none the less pierced through this speech, and which he much more clearly expressed in private conversations, was his acquired and deep-rooted conviction that the present government had shown itself to be completely unsuited to effect this alliance. M. Sainte-Benve was on this chapter as clear as abundant. He was inexhaustible in anecdotes and incidents which would astound the public, if they can ever be collected. For instance, a critic in Le Moniteur' quoted one day a modern Alexandrine line. Instantly the Minister of State had inquiry made whether this line was not by Victor Hugo, who must for no consideration, under no form, figure in the official newspaper. Luckily the suspicious line turned out to be by Alfred de Musset, and consequently was admitted. Other names in quite large number and most astonishing were likewise proscribed. An article on Abel de Remusat, the Chinese scholar, was rejected because the Minister of State (M. Fould, I believe) confounded the learned Orientalist with the illustrious, amiable, and too liberal academiThese times seem far removed from us. Those who closed 'Le Moniteur' to the eulogy of M. de Remusat are now obliged to bear M. Rochefort deputy and to live with him. But everybody can understand what effect these Chinese proceedings and this stupidly ignorant dictatorship must have made upon a witness of them like M. SainteBeuve. They irritated him beyond expression. The literary man, conscious of his worth and dignity, the thinker, the free, proud spirit were incessantly wounded in him. Therefore when the government abandoned 'Le Moniteur' where it was merely a tenant and determined to establish a newspaper which entirely belonged to it, the government necessarily found M. Sainte-Beuve in a very different humor from that it was self-sufficient enough to attribute to him. The government's ambassador completely lacked perspicacity. The written engagement with 'Le Moniteur' was no obstacle. These written engagements between writers and newspapers never have any intrinsic value, because a newspaper cannot retain a writer despite his wishes, because a writer remains master of his ideas and cannot be forced to write the contrary of that which he thinks. M. Sainte-Beuve's objection was only the polite pretext of a well-bred man. Had there been in France only 'Le Journal Officiel❜ and 'Le Moniteur,' M. Sainte-Beuve, who had a passion for, and felt as a necessary of life writing in newspapers, would have remained in 'Le Moniteur.' But he panted for liberty, and he thought he Then we had quite a battle between the "Journal Officiel" and "Le Temps," "Le Moniteur," and M. Jules Troubat, upon the circumstances which attended Sainte-Beuve's breach with "Le Moniteur." "Le Journal Officiel" said: "One of the most striking examples of Sainte-Beuve's fickleness was his wild prank of running off to 'Le Temps.' There was great excitement at this philosophical bolt, which at first assumed the importance of a political sommersault. I believe I know the true secret of the enigma, and I dare say nobody will be angry with me for publishing it. Towards the close of last year, when the official newspaper was about to change hands, I called on Sainte-Beuve to request him to follow the newspaper in its official transformation. He received my proposition in the kindest manner-for he was a great partisan of the idea that the government should play the part of Mæcenas towards literary men-but he objected to me, he was prevented by a written engagement with 'Le Moniteur.' He showed me this written engagement, and examined with me, but in vain, a fair way to get rid of it. The engagement was in force for two years more. I said: But suppose "Le Moniteur" should become an opposition news-cian. paper ?' He answered: That hypothesis is improbable, impossible.' 'You are a poet, but every poet is not a prophet.' 'Well, let me arrange that.' As he spoke, his smile sparkled with the malice of a secret thought full of promises. Now, what happened? In the first days of the independence of the newspaper to which he was chained, he sent an unpolitical article, but which was of a nature to beget difficulties, and he informed the editor that everything was broken off between them. He was now free. He was able to return to the government fold. Ay, but his article, which gave him freedom, was not presentable to the 'Journal Officiel.' What was to become of that child, which was all the more dear from having been born in the midst of a crisis? Lost? No. Sainte-Beuve was too good a father. Thereupon, he found, a grave and academical newspaper of freethinkers held out its arms to him and so the senator-academician became a literary and philosophical contributor to 'Le Temps."" "Le Moniteur" denies the truth, and adds: "We publicly affirm for the honor of our old contributor, that he declared in the most formal manner, and with the greatest sympathy for 'Le Moniteur,' that he was averse from entering the new official newspaper, and that he was gratified to have it in his power to oppose the existence of an engagement with us to end the repeated appeals made him to join the Journal Officiel." " "Le Temps" says: "This stupid and insulting |