ABERDEEN, Earl of, prime minister, | Amusements stopped by Puritans.
"Addled" parliament, the, 203
Addington succeeds Pitt as prime
minister, 360; resigns, 365
Afghanistan invaded by British, 417;
rising of people, 418; retreat from,
418; second invasion, 419; third in-
vasion, 456
Aghrim, battle of, 284
Agincourt, battle of, 107
Agriculture, improvements in, 343
Aidan, mission of, 16
Akbar Khan, commander of the
Afghans, 418
"Alabama," the privateer, 448
Albert of Saxe-Coburg, becomes
husband of Victoria, 413; plans
the exhibition of 1851, 425
Alexander II., Emperor of Russia,
434
Anderida, site of, 9
Angevin kings, 55
Angles, their origin, 7; conquest by,
10; and "angels," 14
Anjou, 55
Anne, Queen, succession settled on,
291, 294; popularity of, 295; reign,
– of Cleves, married to Henry VIII.,
154; divorced, 155
Anselm, appointed archbishop of
Canterbury, 42; exiled, 43; is re-
conciled with Henry I., 44
Anti-corn-law League, 420
Antwerp, expedition against, 376
Arabs, the, at Jerusalem, 56
Archbishop, choice of a, against
king's will, 60
Arcot, defence of, 324
Alexander III., King of Scotland, Arkwright, inventions of, 344
Arlington, minister of Charles II.,
254, 256
Armada, the preparation of, 180; de-
feat of, 184; its destruction, 185
Army, the feudal, 48; mercenaries
of Henry VIII., 139; under Crom-
well, 234; under Charles II., 246
Arnold, brewer to James II., 275
Arthur, princes named, 58, 136
Arundel, Earl of, 100
Ashley, minister of Charles II., 254
Athelstan, 23
Augustine, St., first archbishop of
Canterbury, 16
Austria opposes Russia, 427
-, duke of, arrests Richard I., 57
BABINGTON Conspiracy, 180
Bacon, Francis, 209
Badajoz, eapture of, 381
Baffin's Bay, discovery of, 175
Balaclava, battle of, 430
Bonaparte-Continued.
369; in Spain, 373; in Russia, 382;
fall, 384; exile, 386
Boston, tea thrown overboard at,
330; battle near, 332
Bosworth, battle of, 129
Balliol, John, crowned King of Scot- Boulogne, camp at, 365
land, 76; deposed, 76
Ballot act, 453
Bannockburn, battle of, 82
Bantry Bay, French fleet at, 358
Baptists in Cromwell's army, 234
"Barebones" parliament, 241
Barnet, battle of, 123
Beachy Head, battle of, 284
Bow, use of the, 77
Boyne, battle of the, 284
Braddock, General, 317
Breda, eace of, 254
Bretigny, peace of, 89
Bribery, cases of, 306, 396
Bridgewater canal, 343
Bright, John, aids Anti-corn-law
League, 420
Becket, Thomas, becomes archbish- Brindley, James, introduces canals,
Berlin, treaty of, 456
Bible, translations of the, 147, 196
Bishops abolished in Scotland, 223
- the Seven, 274
Black Death, the, 41
Black Hole, the, 324
Black Prince, his bravery, 87; cru-
Black Sea, naval war in, 427; Russia
not to have a fleet in, 434
Blake, Admiral, 241
Blanketeers, the, 389
Blenheim, battle of, 295
Blockade-runners, 447
Blood-feud, 12
Bloody Assizes, 269
Blücher, 387
Boleyn, Anne, married to Henry
VIII., 144; beheaded, 149
Bolingbroke, Lord, 301
-, Henry of, 100 [see Henry IV.]
Bombay, 323
Bonaparte, Napoleon, rise of, 351; in
Egypt, 355; becomes civil ruler,
361; plan for invading England,
366; exclusion of British goods,
Burghley, Lord, minister of Eliza- | Catesby, plot of, 199
Burgoyne, surrender of, 333
Burgundy, Duke of, murder of, 111
Burke, Edmund, wisdom of, 328
Byng, Admiral, 317
Byron, Lord, death of, 398
CABAL ministry, 254
Cabinet, origin of the, 300
Cabot, voyages of, 174
Cabul occupied by British army, 417;
insurrection at, 418; retreat from,
419; re-occupied, 419
Cade, Jack, rebellion of, 115
Cadiz, expedition against, under
Elizabeth, 181, 189; under Charles
I., 214
Calais, siege of, 87; loss of, 164
Calcutta, foundation of, 323; seized
by natives, 325
California visited by Drake, 174
Catherine of Arragon, married to
Henry VIII., 137; divorce of, 142, 144
Catholic Association, 395
Catholics, persecution of, under
Elizabeth, 177; conspiracy of,
against James I., 199; toleration
promised, 212; refused. under
Charles II., 255; persecution under
Charles II., 260; preferred to Puri-
tans, 263; illegal toleration by
James II., 271; are represented at
Oxford, 273; tolerated under Wil-
liam III., 279; persecution in Ire
land, 284; partial emancipation,
357; further efforts for, 360, 395;
final success, 400
Cato Street conspiracy, 392
Cavalier" parliament, 247
| Cavaliers, the, 232
Cawnpore, siege of, 437
Caxton, 124
Campbell, Sir Colin, commands in Charles I., plan to marry the Infanta,
Campbell, Thomas, quoted, 362
Camperdown, battle of, 355
Canada, conquest of, 319
Canals, introduction of, 343
Candia offered to England, 427
Canning, George, his effort against
Napoleon, 370, 372; withdraws
from ministry, 377; his liberal for-
eign policy, 392; favors Catholic
emancipation, 395; becomes prime
minister, 398; opposes parliamen-
tary reform, 397; death, 398
Canning, Lord, governor-general of
India, 437; his moral courage, 439
Cannon, introduction of, 130
Canterbury, first archbishop of, 16
Cape St. Vincent, battle of, 351
Cardigan, Lord, 430
Carisbrook castle, Charles I. impris-
oned at, 236
Carr, Robert, 202
Cartagena, ransom of, 179
Castles destroyed, 48
204; visit to Madrid, 210; failure of
plan, 211; marries Henrietta Ma-
ria, 212; becomes king, 213; quar-
rel with Parliament, 214, 215; his
forced loans, 215; war with Spain,
214; -- with France, 216; assents to
Petition of Right, 216; quarrels
with Puritans, 217; about taxes,
219; governs without a parlia-
ment, 219; imprisons parliamen-
tary leaders, 219; offends Puritans,
220; legal persecution by, 220; levies
ship-money, 221; marches against
Scotland, 223; efforts to raise
money, 224; war with Scotch,
225; sets up his standard, 231; sur-
renders to the Scotch, 235; escape,
236; trial and death, 237
Charles II., crowned in Scotland, 289;
defeat and escape, 239; becomes
king, 244; character, 244; religion,
246; means of getting money, 253;
accepts it from French king, 255,
267; death, 267
Charles V., Emperor, and Henry | Clergy [see Monks, Popes], reve
Charles VI., Emperor, claimant to
Spanish crown, 293, 298, 302
Charles V. of France, 92
Charles VI. of France, 107
Charles VII. of France, 111
Charles X. of France, 402
Charles II. of Spain, 293
Charles IV. of Spain, 371
Charles Albert of Sardinia, 444
Charles Edward, 311-314
Charters, confirmation of the, 79
Chartists, the, 410, 423; their peti-
tion, 424
Chatham, first Earl of, popular and
honest, 318; success as war-minis-
ter, 319 resignation, 326; speech
against peace with America, 334;
death, 334
-, second Earl, 376
Chaucer, 98
Chichester, Sir A., 201
Chimneys, introduction of, 170
Chivalry, 88
nues taken, 42; their character, 50;
not subject to civil courts, 50;
property seized, 61; taxation of,
by Pope, 67; refuse civil taxes, 79;
civil offices filled by, 92; idleness
142; permitted to marry, 158; tri
als of, 220
Clifford, minister of Charles II., 254
256
Clive, Robert, 323-325
Cnut, 27
Coal, inaccessibility of, 343
Coalition ministries, 337, 426
Cobden, Richard, agitation against
corn duties, 420, 422; negotiates
commercial treaty with France,
Colonies [see America], develop-
ment of, 315
Commerce [see Free Trade], early,
4; development of, 170; with
Spanish colonies, 308; British com-
merce injured by Napoleon, 369
Commercial treaties, 339, 446
Christianity, introduced, 6, 14; its Commons, House of [see Reform],
origin, 78; corruption in, 306, 337;
proceedings made public, 338
Commonwealth, the, 238
Communion-table, position of, 220
Compurgation, 13
Comyn, murder of, 79
Connaught, Irish driven to, 238
Conservatives, the name, 406
Conspiracy law, 351
Copenhagen, battle of, 361
Corn laws, 416, 419
Cornwallis, Lord, surrender of, 335;
in Ireland, 360
Cotton famine, 448
Counties, origin of names of, 10
Courts of law [see Juries], early, 11;
reform in, 49; injustice of, 51, 120
Covenant, the, 223
Cranmer, Thomas, divorces Queen
Catherine, 144; is burned for here-
Discovery, voyages of, 174
Crime [see Punishment], compensa- Dispensing power, 271
tion for, 12
Crimean war, origin, 427; bad gene-
ralship and management of Brit-
ish, 430; sufferings of troops, 431;
blunders, 432; hospitals, 432
Criminal-law reform, 388, 393
Cromlechs, 4
Crompton, his invention, 345
Cromwell, Oliver, rise of, 234; de-
feats the Scotch, 237; subdues
Ireland, 238; and Scotland, 239;
church and foreign policy, 241;
unpopularity, 241; refuses title of
king, 242; death, 242
Cromwell, Richard, 243
Cromwell, Thomas,
cruelty of, 152; his fall, 154
Cross, sign of the, 196
Crown, the, not hereditary, 11, 58;
increase of power, 122; regular
succession set aside to insure
order, 128; act of settlement, 294
Cruelty [see Persecution], of Will-
iam I., 39; of nobles, 46; of John,
59; of Henry VIII., 151; of Star
Chamber, 220; in Ireland, 229, 358;
of Jeffreys, 270; of English troops,
311
Crusades, the, 55
Culloden, 313
Cumberland, Duke of, 313
Disraeli, Benjamin, a leader of the
Protectionists, 426; and of the
Conservatives, 442; prime minister,
Dissenters [see Lollards, Puritans,
etc.], 248; their unpopularity, 295;
office-holding by, 296; persecution
of, 301, 303; relief of, 304, 398
Distress in 1819-20, 387
Domesday Book, 40
Dost Mohammed, 417, 419
Dover, treaty of, 255
Drake, Sir Francis, voyages of, 172,
173; in West Indies, 179; in Spain,
181; and the Armada, 183, 185:
death, 187
Drogheda, 238
Duncan, Admiral, 354
Dundee, Lord, 280
Dunkirk acquired, 241
Dunstan, 24
Dupleix, 323
Dutch [see Netherlands], wars with,
240, 251, 253, 256; peace, 254; treaty,
Dutch Guards, 292
Duties, see Impositions, Tonnage
EAST ANGLIA, 10
East India Company, 322
Eastern Question, 414, 455
Edgar, 21
Edgehill, battle of, 232
Danes, invasion by the, 19; defeated | Edinburgh, riot at, 223; occupied by
|