sent to one who was probably a disciple-Resort of strangers to

Jerusalem at the passover-Opening of the houses of the inhabit-

ants to their reception-Paschal companies or sodalitia-Our

Lord's message nothing extraordinary, on the supposition of the

regular passover-His time, necessarily his hour, or passion—

Masters of families empowered to act as priests, in behalf of

themselves and their families, in the sacrifice of the passover-

Testimonies to this effect of Philo Judæus-Not at variance with

the accounts of Josephus, or with cases in point in the Old Testa-

ment—The first passover, so sacrificed by each master of a family

for himself Multitude of victims at the passover, and time within

which they were sacrificed-Computation of Josephus, below the

truth-Difficulty solved by these conclusions
144-149

Argument second-Precaution of the sanhedrim, not to apprehend

our Lord during the feast-Not likely to be changed by the over-

ture of Judas-"Atep öxλov, means what-Our Lord actually ar-

rested, tried, and executed, in time to anticipate the feast-Cir-

cumstances of the account, between the time of Judas' going out,

and our Lord's apprehension, inconsistent with the celebration of

the passover, as then and there going on..
149-152

Argument third-Attempt of Pilate to liberate our Saviour, in defer-

ence to the privilege of the feast-Meaning of the phrase, karà

éopτýv― Probable date of the privilege-Feast arrived, when the

people insisted on the privilege, but not past-Observance of

this privilege by Pilate on former occasions-Conclusion thence

deducible, that he had been more than one year in office at the

time of the Passion-Coming in of Simon of Cyrene, on the morn-

ing of the crucifixion-Had for its object the celebration of the

passover that day-Distance from Jerusalem, on the morning of

the
passover, at which the passover might still be kept.. 152-154

Argument fourth-The passover, two days distant, at the close of the

prophecy on the mount; that is, on the evening of Wednesday in

Passion week-Passover, coupled with the delivering up of our

Lord at the same time-This delivering up, the work of the Fri-

day
154-155

Argument fifth-Apprehension of our Lord, his trial and execution,
on the fifteenth of Nisan, inconsistent with the strictness of the
observance of the sabbath at this time-Testimonies to that strict-

ness-Observance of the sabbath among the Gentiles-Opera

servilia, proscribed on the sabbath-Extraordinary sabbaths, as

sacred as ordinary-Sanctity of the sabbath, not purposely waived

in the case of our Saviour-Crucifixion of the thieves along with

him, an argument that there was nothing special in his case-

Sanctity of the sabbath extended to the rapaσkeun, from the ninth

hour of the day before-Bodies of our Saviour and of the thieves,

taken down with the commencement of the Tараσкevǹ, and against

the sabbath, as it was

155-160

Argument sixth-The sabbath which followed the crucifixion an

High day; because an ordinary and an extraordinary sabbath coin-

cided upon it: that is, it was the fifteenth of Nisan, and the

seventh day of the week-No high day, the effect of the coincid-

ence of the sabbath upon any day of a feast, but the fifteenth or

twenty-first of Nisan, or the fifteenth or twenty-second of

Tisri.....
160-161

Argument seventh-Fulfilment of the legal equity, in the death of

our Lord-System of types necessarily connected with the truth

of the typical character of the passover-Passover fixed to one

day in the year, Nisan 14-Passover fixed to one place in Judæa,

Jerusalem-Circumstances of the passover, all conspire to point

out our Saviour as the true paschal victim-Ninth hour, or article

of his expiration-Meaning of the phrase, between the evenings-

Death of our Saviour answered also to the daily sacrifice of the

fourteenth of Nisan-Ordinary time of morning and evening service

-Beginning of evening, among the Jews-Morning service might

not be over before the fourth hour of the day-Time of evening

service on the paschal day-Coincidence of the miraculous dark-

ness with the temple service going on at that moment-Resurrec-

tion of our Saviour, and the wave sheaf offered at the passover-

Time of this presentation, critically the time when our Saviour

rose from the dead-Ancient punctuation of St. Mark's words,

ávaσràs dè «рwi-Essential to all these correspondencies, that

Christ should have died on the fourteenth of Nisan . . . 161–168

Judgment of the primitive church on the above questions-Unani-
mous, in one and the same conclusion-Testimony of St. John,
from the necessity of the case, not contradictory to, but explana-
tory of, that of the other Evangelists-Language of these last not
sufficiently explicit, and why-The last passover, the first eucharist

or sacrament-This eucharist proleptical, and therefore probably

168-170

the passover..

Day of a Jewish feast, reckoned to be arrived when its proper even-

ing was come-The paschal feast an octave: and therefore the

evening of Thursday part of the feast of unleavened bread, as

well as the morning of Friday-Our Lord's passover celebrated at

the beginning of the same vuxenμepov, of which the Jewish was

celebrated at the end-Passover always eaten on the evening of the

fifteenth-Construction put by the Greek interpreters on the

πрorŋ of St. Matthew or St. Mark
170-172

DISSERTATION XLII.

On the proceedings of the night of Thursday, and the morn-

ing of Friday, in Passion-week.....
173-256

Distribution of the events of both these periods-Harmony of the

accounts-All difficulties removed by the hypothesis of supple-

mentary Gospels

173-174

Events of the first division-Beginning of our Saviour's paschal

supper-Paschal ritual of the time-Introduction of the first cup,

according to St. Luke-Washing the feet of the disciples, in

St. John-Institution of the first part of the Christian sacrament,

the breaking of the bread-Absence of the article, in the allusion

to the bread-Proper sense of apros-Institution of the cup, at a

time distinct from that of the bread-Antedated by St. Luke,

postponed by St. Matthew and St. Mark; and for what reason in

either case-
-Final end of the evangelical accounts of the proceed-

ings at the last supper in general, twofold-Treachery of Judas,

and its connection with these proceedings-Sacramental institu-

tion, not a proper transposition in either account.. 174-183

.....

Point of time of the introduction of John xiii. 18—20—Coincidence

of all the accounts at this point-Conversation between Peter and

John, and our Lord, relative to the recognition of Judas-Roman

custom of reclining upon couches at meat-Place of the master

of a table-Propriety of the language of St. John-Entering of

Satan into Judas-Point of time of the departure of Ju-

183-186

das

First prediction of the denials of Peter-Dispute among the disciples

which should be greatest-Menial or servile character of the duty of

washing the feet-Proper sense of faireiodai-Second prediction of

the denials of Peter-Institution of the second part of the Christian

sacrament, the blessing of the cup-The Hillel, or Psalms of

thanksgiving-Protracted conversation of our Lord and the disci-

ples in the upper chamber, still
187-191

Departure of our Lord and the disciples from the upper chamber-

Time of the night when it took place-Gethsemane-Gardens in

the suburbs of Jerusalem-Distance of Olivet from Jerusalem-

Third prediction of the denials of Peter-First promise of the

manifestation of our Lord in Galilee

191-194

Agony in the garden-Tacitly recognised by St. John-Proper sense

of kabeúdete tò λdoiñòv kaì ávañaverde, in St. Matthew and St. Mark

-Supplementary character of this part of St. Luke's accounts—

Distinction of what passed between our Lord, and the eight apo-

stles at the entrance of the garden, and the three within the

garden-Aidov Boλǹ, inapplicable to the description of a little way

off-Sleep of the disciples-Duration of the agony-Critical in-

terposition of the arrival of Judas.....
194-198

Arrangement of subsequent events-Attempted resistance of Peter

-Address of our Lord to Judas-Omission of the name of Peter

in the former accounts-The young man in St. Mark.. 198—200

Events of the second division-House of the high priest in Jerusa-

lem-Site of the temple-Annas, the vicar of Caiaphas-First

of our Lord's examinations, the examination before Caiaphas in

St. John-Second examination of our Lord, the examination

before the sanhedrim in St. Matthew and St. Mark-Interval

between the two-Usage of our Lord, at the end of it—Third

examination of our Lord, the examination before the sanhedrim

in St. Luke-Particular proofs of the distinctness of this last from

all before it-Council chamber of the sanhedrim-Motive to the

second examination by the sanhedrim, the preexisting difficulty of

the want of testimony against our Lord-Informality of the time

of the former examinations-The forms of the Jewish law pur-

posely observed in the proceedings against Jesus-Number of the

witnesses suborned against him-Cleansing of the temple in St.

John, and allusion to it in this fact in St. Matthew and St.

Mark
200-206

Denials of Peter, and times of each-Harmony of the accounts in

detail-Female doorkeepers among the Jews-St. John known

to be a disciple of Jesus-First denial-Second and third denials—

Turning of our Lord, and looking upon Peter-'EmBaλov-Place of

the denials in the examinations of Jesus-Times, ascertained by the

crowing of the cock-Language of our Lord, in reference to the

denials, as before the crowing of the cock-Cock-crow åndŵs, a

well defined point of the night-Coincident with the fourth night

watch-Designated also as Tepì õpepov-Cock-crows, distinct from

this, twofold-Testimonies to, and illustrations of, all these state-

ments-Divisions of the night, inclusive of cock-crow as well as

the rest-Censorinus, Macrobius, Varro, Marcus Aurelius-Further

illustrations of the time described by cock-crow-Cock-crow, in

the primitive church-Cock-crow, the time of the resurrection of

our Lord-Place of the gallicinium in these divisions-Cock-crow

at the equinox, four in the morning-Moretum of Virgil-Result-

ing times of the denials of Peter, and of the first and second ex-

aminations of Jesus
207-217

Events of the third division-Repentance and death of Judas-Ab-

duction of Jesus to Pilate had for its object the execution of the

sentence already passed-Probable motives to the repentance of

Judas-Time and place of what passed between him and the

council-Purchase of the potter's field, with the thirty pieces of

silver-Aceldama of St. Matthew, different from the Aceldama of St.

Peter in the Acts-Suicide of Judas-Proper sense of áñáу§ãσðαı—

Field purchased by Judas, before his death-Prophecy of Zechariah,

when fulfilled-Sites of these Aceldamas distinct...... 217-220

Proceedings before Pilate-Point of time, in the course of these pro-

ceedings, when Jesus was not yet examined by Pilate pro tribunali,

and after which he was-St. John's accounts confined to the

former, those of the other three to the latter-Inductive proof of this

conclusion, in the detail of proceedings in St. John .... 221-225

Forensic phrases, Bipa, and κatioai énì ẞýparos: tribunal, and sedere, or

considere pro tribunali—Tribunals of the magistrates of Rome,

placed on paved floors-Pavimenta and Lithostrota-Lithostro-

tum in St. John, distinct from the Lithostrotum in the temple,

alluded to by Josephus....
225-228

Point of time, when Pilate was now assuming the tribunal-Sixth